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Source:     2008-04-08  ÎÒҪͶ¸å   ÂÛ̳   Favorite  
¡¡µÚÒ»²¿·Ö¡¡ÔĶÁÀí½â¡¡(75·Ö)
µÚһƪ¡¡Hercules
Once¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡time¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡great¡¡Greek¡¡hero,¡¡Hercules.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡taller¡¡and¡¡stronger¡¡than¡¡anyone¡¡you¡¡have¡¡ever¡¡seen.¡¡On¡¡his¡¡shoulder¡¡he¡¡carried¡¡a¡¡club¡¡and¡¡in¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡he¡¡held¡¡a¡¡bow.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡known¡¡as¡¡the¡¡hero¡¡of¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡adventures.
Hercules¡¡served¡¡a¡¡king.¡¡The¡¡king¡¡was¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡him.¡¡So¡¡again¡¡and¡¡again¡¡he¡¡sent¡¡him¡¡on¡¡difficult¡¡tasks.¡¡One¡¡morning¡¡the¡¡king¡¡sent¡¡for¡¡him¡¡and¡¡told¡¡him¡¡to¡¡fetch¡¡three¡¡golden¡¡apples¡¡for¡¡him¡¡from¡¡the¡¡garden¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Singing¡¡Maidens¡¡(¸èÅ®).¡¡But¡¡no¡¡one¡¡knew¡¡where¡¡the¡¡garden¡¡was.
So¡¡Hercules¡¡went¡¡away.¡¡He¡¡walked¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡day¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡day¡¡and¡¡the¡¡next.¡¡He¡¡walked¡¡for¡¡months¡¡before¡¡he¡¡saw¡¡mountains¡¡far¡¡in¡¡the¡¡distance¡¡one¡¡fine¡¡morning.¡¡One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mountains¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡shape¡¡of¡¡a¡¡man,¡¡with¡¡long,¡¡long¡¡legs¡¡and¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡huge¡¡shoulders¡¡and¡¡a¡¡bugs¡¡head.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡bolding¡¡up¡¡the¡¡sky.¡¡Hercules¡¡knew¡¡it¡¡was¡¡Atlas,¡¡the¡¡Mountain¡¡God.¡¡So¡¡he¡¡asked¡¡him¡¡for¡¡help.
Atlas¡¡answered,¡¡"My¡¡head¡¡and¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡shoulders¡¡all¡¡ache.¡¡Could¡¡you¡¡hold¡¡up¡¡the¡¡sky¡¡while¡¡I¡¡fetch¡¡the¡¡golden¡¡apples¡¡for¡¡you?"
Hercules¡¡climbed¡¡the¡¡mountain¡¡and¡¡shouldered¡¡the¡¡sky.¡¡Soon¡¡the¡¡sky¡¡grew¡¡very¡¡heavy.¡¡When¡¡finally¡¡Atlas¡¡came¡¡back¡¡with¡¡three¡¡golden¡¡apples,¡¡he¡¡said,¡¡"Well¡¡,¡¡you¡¡are¡¡going¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡the¡¡mountain¡¡for¡¡ever.¡¡I'm¡¡going¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡king¡¡with¡¡the¡¡apples."¡¡Hercules¡¡knew¡¡that¡¡he¡¡couldn't¡¡fight¡¡him¡¡because¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sky¡¡on¡¡his¡¡back.¡¡So¡¡he¡¡shouted:
"¡¡Just¡¡one¡¡minute's¡¡help.¡¡My¡¡shoulders¡¡are¡¡hurting.¡¡Hold¡¡the¡¡sky¡¡for¡¡a¡¡minute¡¡while¡¡I¡¡make¡¡a¡¡cushion¡¡(µæ×Ó)¡¡for¡¡my¡¡shoulders."
Atlas¡¡believed¡¡him.¡¡He¡¡threw¡¡down¡¡the¡¡apples¡¡and¡¡help¡¡up¡¡the¡¡sky.
Hercules¡¡picked¡¡up¡¡the¡¡apples¡¡and¡¡ran¡¡back¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡king.

1.¡¡What¡¡do¡¡you¡¡know¡¡about¡¡Hercules¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡first¡¡paragraph?
¡ðA.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡Greek¡¡hero.
¡ðB.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡king.
¡ðC.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡the¡¡Mountain¡¡God.
¡ðD.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡adventures.

2.¡¡Hercules¡¡was¡¡given¡¡many¡¡difficult¡¡tasks¡¡because¡¡__________.
¡ðA.¡¡he¡¡was¡¡the¡¡strongest¡¡man.
¡ðB.¡¡the¡¡king¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡get¡¡rid¡¡of¡¡him.
¡ðC.¡¡the¡¡king¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡test¡¡his¡¡strength.
¡ðD.¡¡those¡¡tasks¡¡had¡¡to¡¡be¡¡done¡¡anyway

3.¡¡Which¡¡of¡¡the¡¡following¡¡can¡¡best¡¡describe¡¡Atlas¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡text?
¡ðA.¡¡He¡¡looked¡¡like¡¡a¡¡mountain.
¡ðB.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡man¡¡with¡¡bug¡¡shoulders¡¡and¡¡arms.
¡ðC.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡man¡¡with¡¡long¡¡legs¡¡and¡¡a¡¡huge¡¡head.
¡ðD.¡¡He¡¡was¡¡the¡¡giant¡¡who¡¡bled¡¡up¡¡the¡¡sky.

4.¡¡Atlas¡¡got¡¡the¡¡golden¡¡apples¡¡for¡¡Hercules¡¡because¡¡__________.
¡ðA.¡¡he¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡help¡¡Hercules
¡ðB.¡¡he¡¡was¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡Hercules.
¡ðC.¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡want¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡the¡¡sky¡¡any¡¡more.
¡ðD.¡¡he¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡king¡¡himself

5.¡¡Hercules¡¡finally¡¡managed¡¡to¡¡get¡¡the¡¡apples¡¡___________.
¡ðA.¡¡by¡¡fooling¡¡Atlas
¡ðB.¡¡by¡¡defeating¡¡Atlas
¡ðC.¡¡because¡¡he¡¡ran¡¡faster¡¡than¡¡Atlas
¡ðD.¡¡because¡¡Atlas¡¡threw¡¡down¡¡the¡¡apples

µÚ¶þƪ¡¡Tokyo
Tokyo¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡those¡¡places¡¡that¡¡you¡¡can¡¡love¡¡and¡¡hate¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time.
In¡¡Tokyo¡¡there¡¡are¡¡always¡¡too¡¡many¡¡people¡¡in¡¡the¡¡places¡¡where¡¡I¡¡want¡¡to¡¡be.¡¡Of¡¡course¡¡there¡¡are¡¡too¡¡many¡¡cars.¡¡The¡¡Japanese¡¡drive¡¡very¡¡fast¡¡when¡¡they¡¡can.¡¡But¡¡in¡¡Tokyo¡¡they¡¡often¡¡spend¡¡a¡¡long¡¡time¡¡in¡¡traffic¡¡jams.¡¡Tokyo¡¡is¡¡not¡¡different¡¡when¡¡one¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡walk.
At¡¡certain¡¡times¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day¡¡there¡¡are¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡people¡¡on¡¡foot¡¡in¡¡London's¡¡Oxford¡¡Street.¡¡But¡¡the¡¡streets¡¡near¡¡Ginza¡¡in¡¡Tokyo¡¡always¡¡have¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡people¡¡on¡¡foot,¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡it¡¡is¡¡really¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡walk.¡¡People¡¡are¡¡very¡¡polite;¡¡there¡¡are¡¡just¡¡too¡¡many¡¡of¡¡them.
The¡¡worst¡¡time¡¡to¡¡be¡¡in¡¡the¡¡street¡¡is¡¡at¡¡11:30¡¡at¡¡night.¡¡That¡¡is¡¡when¡¡the¡¡night-clubs¡¡are¡¡closing¡¡and¡¡everybody¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡go¡¡home.¡¡There¡¡are¡¡35,000¡¡night-clubs¡¡in¡¡Tokyo,¡¡and¡¡you¡¡do¡¡not¡¡often¡¡see¡¡one¡¡that¡¡is¡¡empty.
Most¡¡people¡¡travel¡¡to¡¡and¡¡from¡¡work¡¡by¡¡train.¡¡Tokyo¡¡people¡¡buy¡¡six¡¡million¡¡train¡¡tickets¡¡every¡¡day.¡¡At¡¡most¡¡stations,¡¡trains¡¡arrive¡¡every¡¡two¡¡or¡¡three¡¡minutes,¡¡but¡¡at¡¡certain¡¡hours¡¡there¡¡do¡¡not¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡enough¡¡trains.¡¡Although¡¡they¡¡are¡¡usually¡¡crowded,¡¡Japanese¡¡trains¡¡are¡¡very¡¡good.¡¡They¡¡always¡¡leave¡¡and¡¡arrive¡¡on¡¡time.¡¡On¡¡a¡¡London¡¡train¡¡you¡¡would¡¡see¡¡everybody¡¡reading¡¡a¡¡newspaper.¡¡In¡¡Tokyo¡¡trains¡¡everybody¡¡in¡¡a¡¡seat¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡be¡¡asleep,¡¡whether¡¡his¡¡journey¡¡is¡¡long¡¡or¡¡short.
In¡¡Tokyo,¡¡I¡¡stood¡¡outside¡¡the¡¡station¡¡for¡¡five¡¡minutes.¡¡Three¡¡fire-engines¡¡raced¡¡past¡¡on¡¡the¡¡way¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡many¡¡fires¡¡that¡¡Tokyo¡¡has¡¡every¡¡day.¡¡Tokyo¡¡has¡¡so¡¡many¡¡surprises¡¡that¡¡none¡¡of¡¡them¡¡can¡¡really¡¡surprise¡¡me¡¡now.¡¡instead,¡¡I¡¡am¡¡surprised¡¡at¡¡myself:¡¡I¡¡must¡¡go¡¡there¡¡next¡¡year¡¡on¡¡business.¡¡I¡¡know¡¡I¡¡hate¡¡the¡¡overcrowded¡¡city.¡¡But¡¡I¡¡feel¡¡like¡¡a¡¡man¡¡who¡¡is¡¡returning¡¡to¡¡his¡¡long-lost¡¡love.

6.¡¡Tokyo¡¡is¡¡different¡¡from¡¡London¡¡in¡¡that¡¡____________.
¡ðA.¡¡it¡¡has¡¡a¡¡smaller¡¡population
¡ðB.¡¡it¡¡is¡¡an¡¡international¡¡city
¡ðC.¡¡it¡¡is¡¡more¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡go¡¡somewhere¡¡on¡¡foot¡¡in¡¡Tokyo
¡ðD.¡¡its¡¡people¡¡are¡¡friendlier¡¡and¡¡more¡¡polite.

7.¡¡What¡¡time¡¡does¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡think¡¡is¡¡the¡¡worst¡¡time¡¡to¡¡go¡¡into¡¡the¡¡street?
¡ðA.¡¡When¡¡the¡¡night-clubs¡¡are¡¡closing.
¡ðB.¡¡At¡¡8¡¡o'clock¡¡in¡¡the¡¡morning.
¡ðC.¡¡When¡¡the¡¡train¡¡is¡¡overcrowded.
¡ðD.¡¡At¡¡11:30¡¡a.m.

8.¡¡What¡¡does¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡say¡¡about¡¡Japanese¡¡trains?
¡ðA.¡¡They¡¡are¡¡very¡¡nice¡¡and¡¡comfortable.
¡ðB.¡¡There¡¡are¡¡not¡¡enough¡¡trains.
¡ðC.¡¡They¡¡often¡¡run¡¡behind¡¡schedule.
¡ðD.¡¡They¡¡leave¡¡and¡¡arrive¡¡at¡¡the¡¡right¡¡time.

9.¡¡From¡¡the¡¡writer's¡¡observation,¡¡we¡¡can¡¡see¡¡that¡¡fires¡¡break¡¡out¡¡in¡¡Tokyo¡¡_______.
¡ðA.¡¡occasionally.
¡ðB.¡¡quite¡¡frequently
¡ðC.¡¡not¡¡very¡¡often
¡ðD.¡¡twice¡¡a¡¡day

10.¡¡The¡¡writer¡¡hates¡¡Tokyo¡¡mainly¡¡because¡¡the¡¡city¡¡_________.
¡ðA.¡¡is¡¡dirty¡¡and¡¡the¡¡people¡¡are¡¡impolite
¡ðB.¡¡has¡¡been¡¡seriously¡¡polluted
¡ðC.¡¡is¡¡crowded¡¡and¡¡noisy
¡ðD.¡¡is¡¡not¡¡modern¡¡enough

µÚÈýƪ¡¡The¡¡Child¡¡Witness
Going¡¡to¡¡court¡¡can¡¡be¡¡frightening,¡¡especially¡¡if¡¡you¡¡are¡¡a¡¡child.¡¡You¡¡may¡¡have¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡up¡¡in¡¡the¡¡witness¡¡(Ö¤ÈË)¡¡box,¡¡and¡¡swear¡¡(·¢ÊÄ)¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡the¡¡truth¡¡and¡¡answer¡¡questions¡¡is¡¡front¡¡of¡¡a¡¡crowd¡¡of¡¡adults.¡¡It¡¡would¡¡be¡¡even¡¡more¡¡frightening¡¡if¡¡you¡¡were¡¡the¡¡victim¡¡of¡¡a¡¡crime¡¡and¡¡you¡¡had¡¡to¡¡sit¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡courtroom¡¡(·¨Í¥)¡¡as¡¡the¡¡person¡¡accused¡¡of¡¡attacking¡¡you,¡¡for¡¡instance.
So¡¡the¡¡law¡¡in¡¡Britain¡¡has¡¡made¡¡it¡¡easier¡¡for¡¡children¡¡to¡¡act¡¡as¡¡witnesses.¡¡Children¡¡are¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡what¡¡they¡¡know,¡¡from¡¡another¡¡room¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡courthouse.¡¡This¡¡way¡¡they¡¡do¡¡not¡¡have¡¡to¡¡face¡¡all¡¡those¡¡people¡¡in¡¡the¡¡courtroom.
It¡¡works¡¡on¡¡a¡¡closed-circuit¡¡(±Õ·µÄ)¡¡television¡¡link,¡¡which¡¡means¡¡that¡¡the¡¡TV¡¡only¡¡operates¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡court.¡¡The¡¡child¡¡witness¡¡sits¡¡in¡¡a¡¡room¡¡with¡¡a¡¡social¡¡worker¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡a¡¡TV¡¡camera.¡¡Everyone¡¡in¡¡the¡¡courtroom¡¡can¡¡see¡¡the¡¡child¡¡on¡¡a¡¡TV¡¡screen,¡¡but¡¡the¡¡child¡¡can¡¡only¡¡see¡¡the¡¡judge¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lawyers¡¡who¡¡will¡¡ask¡¡him¡¡or¡¡her¡¡questions.¡¡The¡¡system¡¡has¡¡been¡¡so¡¡successful¡¡that¡¡is¡¡will¡¡be¡¡extended¡¡to¡¡more¡¡courts¡¡this¡¡year.
Another¡¡way¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡easy¡¡for¡¡a¡¡child¡¡to¡¡act¡¡a¡¡witness¡¡is¡¡to¡¡set¡¡up¡¡a¡¡screen¡¡is¡¡the¡¡court¡¡room¡¡around¡¡the¡¡witness¡¡box¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡child¡¡cannot¡¡see¡¡the¡¡defendant¡¡(±»¸æ).
Information¡¡given¡¡by¡¡children¡¡can¡¡be¡¡very¡¡important¡¡to¡¡a¡¡court¡¡trial¡¡(ÉóÅÐ),¡¡but¡¡before¡¡1988¡¡the¡¡law¡¡did¡¡not¡¡really¡¡recognizes¡¡that¡¡children¡¡told¡¡the¡¡truth.¡¡It¡¡stated¡¡that¡¡anything¡¡a¡¡child¡¡said¡¡in¡¡court¡¡had¡¡to¡¡be¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡other¡¡evidence¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case.

11.¡¡A¡¡child¡¡witness,¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡the¡¡victim¡¡of¡¡the¡¡crime,¡¡would¡¡be¡¡frightened¡¡most¡¡by¡¡____________.
¡ðA.¡¡all¡¡the¡¡questions¡¡he¡¡had¡¡to¡¡answer
¡ðB.¡¡the¡¡crowd¡¡of¡¡adults¡¡he¡¡had¡¡to¡¡face
¡ðC.¡¡the¡¡judge¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lawyers
¡ðD.¡¡the¡¡person¡¡accused¡¡of¡¡attacking¡¡him

12.¡¡The¡¡most¡¡important¡¡point¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡system¡¡that¡¡made¡¡things¡¡easier¡¡for¡¡a¡¡child¡¡witness¡¡is¡¡that¡¡______________.
¡ðA.¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡see¡¡the¡¡defendant
¡ðB.¡¡he¡¡speaks¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡a¡¡TV¡¡camera
¡ðC.¡¡he¡¡is¡¡in¡¡another¡¡room¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same¡¡courthouse
¡ðD.¡¡everyone¡¡in¡¡the¡¡courtroom¡¡can¡¡see¡¡the¡¡child

13.¡¡What¡¡does¡¡the¡¡author¡¡think¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡system¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡third¡¡paragraph?
¡ðA.¡¡Not¡¡very¡¡good.
¡ðB.¡¡Very¡¡successful.
¡ðC.¡¡Just¡¡an¡¡experiment.
¡ðD.¡¡Hardly¡¡acceptable.

14.¡¡Has¡¡the¡¡law¡¡always¡¡recognized¡¡the¡¡importance¡¡of¡¡children's¡¡information¡¡in¡¡court?
¡ðA.¡¡No.
¡ðB.¡¡Yes.
¡ðC.¡¡Not¡¡until¡¡1988.
¡ðD.¡¡Before¡¡1988,¡¡yes.

15.¡¡The¡¡word¡¡"case"¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡paragraph¡¡means¡¡__________.
¡ðA.¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡situation
¡ðB.¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡incident
¡ðC.¡¡a¡¡trial
¡ðD.¡¡a¡¡box

µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö¡¡Íê³É¾ä×Ó¡¡(25·Ö)
¸ù¾Ý¶ÌÎÄÄÚÈÝÍê³É¾ä×Ó£¬Ã¿¸ö¿Õ¸ñÖ»ÄÜÌîÒ»¸öµ¥´Ê¡£Óеĵ¥´ÊµÚÒ»¸ö×ÖĸÒѾ­¸ø³ö£¬Ç뽫ÆäÓà×Öĸ²¹È«¡£
Television¡¡is¡¡the¡¡USA
Thirty-four¡¡percent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡television¡¡sets¡¡are¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA.¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡fair¡¡that¡¡some¡¡foreigners¡¡have¡¡concluded¡¡that¡¡America¡¡has¡¡a¡¡TV¡¡culture.¡¡Still¡¡it¡¡is¡¡true¡¡that¡¡American¡¡TV¡¡has¡¡great¡¡power¡¡and¡¡can¡¡make¡¡or¡¡break¡¡well-known¡¡people¡¡in¡¡front¡¡of¡¡the¡¡camera.¡¡There¡¡are¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡stations¡¡in¡¡the¡¡50¡¡states,¡¡and¡¡in¡¡most¡¡places¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡choice¡¡of¡¡five¡¡or¡¡six¡¡channels.¡¡The¡¡major¡¡networks¡¡(National¡¡Broadcasting¡¡Company,¡¡Columbia¡¡Broadcasting¡¡System¡¡and¡¡the¡¡American¡¡Broadcasting¡¡Company)¡¡introduce¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡new¡¡shows¡¡of¡¡every¡¡kind.¡¡Those¡¡dramas,¡¡soap¡¡operas,¡¡talk¡¡shows,¡¡news¡¡shows,¡¡and¡¡sport¡¡shows¡¡which¡¡are¡¡successful,¡¡are¡¡relayed¡¡(ת²¥)¡¡throughout¡¡America¡¡and¡¡are¡¡often¡¡sold¡¡abroad.¡¡Roots,¡¡by¡¡the¡¡black¡¡writer¡¡Ales¡¡Haley,¡¡for¡¡example,¡¡was¡¡sold¡¡all¡¡over¡¡the¡¡world.
Nearly¡¡all¡¡TV¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA¡¡is¡¡commercial,¡¡and¡¡programs¡¡are¡¡interrupted¡¡every¡¡quarter¡¡of¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡or¡¡so¡¡for¡¡advertisements.¡¡These¡¡breaks¡¡make¡¡people¡¡upset,¡¡especially¡¡during¡¡some¡¡exciting¡¡action¡¡in¡¡a¡¡good¡¡film.¡¡However,¡¡commercials¡¡do¡¡make¡¡it¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡show¡¡programs¡¡on¡¡TV¡¡that¡¡are¡¡expensive¡¡to¡¡produce.
There¡¡is¡¡one¡¡channel¡¡where¡¡there¡¡are¡¡no¡¡commercial¡¡breaks.¡¡Programs¡¡on¡¡this¡¡channel¡¡are¡¡run¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Public¡¡Broadcasting¡¡Service¡¡(PBS)¡¡and¡¡can¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡all¡¡over¡¡the¡¡USA.¡¡Although¡¡the¡¡PBS¡¡gets¡¡a¡¡grant¡¡from¡¡the¡¡government,¡¡the¡¡government¡¡does¡¡not¡¡interfere¡¡in¡¡any¡¡way¡¡in¡¡the¡¡organization¡¡of¡¡its¡¡programs.¡¡There¡¡are¡¡programs¡¡on¡¡everyday¡¡affairs,¡¡music,¡¡the¡¡arts,¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡serious¡¡discussions¡¡on¡¡al¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡topics.¡¡Some¡¡programs¡¡are¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡companies¡¡or¡¡institutions,¡¡but¡¡these¡¡organizations¡¡are¡¡not¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡influence¡¡the¡¡content¡¡of¡¡program.

16.¡¡The¡¡conclusion¡¡made¡¡by¡¡some¡¡foreigners¡¡that¡¡America¡¡has¡¡a¡¡television¡¡culture¡¡is¡¡not¡¡f¡¡.
17.¡¡A¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡new¡¡shows¡¡are¡¡introduced¡¡by¡¡t¡¡he¡¡leading¡¡n¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA.
18.¡¡There¡¡is¡¡just¡¡one¡¡c¡¡without¡¡breaks¡¡for¡¡advertisements¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA.
19.¡¡While¡¡people¡¡are¡¡watching¡¡TV¡¡programs,¡¡breaks¡¡for¡¡advertisements¡¡can¡¡make¡¡them¡¡w¡¡.
20.¡¡Although¡¡some¡¡companies¡¡supply¡¡money¡¡for¡¡some¡¡programs,¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not¡¡a¡¡to¡¡have¡¡influence¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡content¡¡of¡¡the¡¡programs¡¡in¡¡any¡¡way.

µÚÈý²¿·Ö¡¡ÔĶÁÀí½â¡¡(80·Ö)
µÚһƪ¡¡How¡¡to¡¡Find¡¡the¡¡Best¡¡Book¡¡Reviews
Normally,¡¡you¡¡will¡¡want¡¡the¡¡sources¡¡for¡¡a¡¡paper¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡best¡¡ones¡¡possible.¡¡Since¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡material¡¡available¡¡on¡¡most¡¡subjects,¡¡you¡¡don't¡¡want¡¡to¡¡waste¡¡your¡¡time¡¡reading¡¡an¡¡inaccurate¡¡or¡¡superficial¡¡book.¡¡It¡¡is¡¡sometimes¡¡wise,¡¡therefore,¡¡to¡¡first¡¡evaluate¡¡a¡¡book¡¡for¡¡accuracy¡¡and¡¡thoroughness.¡¡If¡¡you¡¡are¡¡unfamiliar¡¡with¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡of¡¡executive¡¡power,¡¡for¡¡example,¡¡you¡¡may¡¡wonder¡¡whether¡¡or¡¡not¡¡the¡¡book¡¡President¡¡and¡¡Congress;¡¡Power¡¡and¡¡Police,¡¡by¡¡L.¡¡Fisher¡¡(1972),¡¡will¡¡be¡¡a¡¡good¡¡source¡¡of¡¡information.¡¡The¡¡essayist¡¡way¡¡to¡¡find¡¡it¡¡out¡¡is¡¡to¡¡read¡¡some¡¡reviews¡¡of¡¡the¡¡book.
Book¡¡reviews¡¡appear¡¡in¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡newspaper¡¡and¡¡magazine.¡¡To¡¡quickly¡¡find¡¡the¡¡reviews¡¡you¡¡want,¡¡use¡¡a¡¡reference¡¡book¡¡such¡¡as¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Digest.¡¡Beginning¡¡in¡¡1905,¡¡its¡¡editors¡¡annually¡¡compile¡¡(±à¼­)¡¡book¡¡reviews¡¡from¡¡about¡¡seventh-five¡¡periodicals¡¡(ÆÚ¿¯)¡¡and¡¡newspapers¡¡and¡¡need¡¡to¡¡know¡¡two¡¡things¡¡to¡¡use¡¡this¡¡tool:¡¡the¡¡year¡¡the¡¡book¡¡was¡¡published¡¡and¡¡the¡¡correct¡¡spelling¡¡of¡¡the¡¡author's¡¡name.
A¡¡reference¡¡book¡¡with¡¡slightly¡¡broader¡¡coverage¡¡(¸²¸ÇÃæ)¡¡is¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Index¡¡(1966-).¡¡In¡¡it,¡¡however,¡¡summaries¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reviews¡¡are¡¡not¡¡included.¡¡A¡¡newcomer,¡¡Current¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Citations¡¡(ÒýÖ¤),¡¡is¡¡even¡¡better¡¡for¡¡books¡¡published¡¡from¡¡1976¡¡on,¡¡since¡¡it¡¡indexes¡¡the¡¡book¡¡reviews¡¡that¡¡are¡¡listed¡¡in¡¡many¡¡major¡¡periodicals,¡¡indexes.¡¡One¡¡caution¡¡(¾¯¸æ)¡¡when¡¡searching¡¡for¡¡reviews¡¡in¡¡this¡¡:¡¡if¡¡you¡¡don't¡¡find¡¡one¡¡under¡¡the¡¡year¡¡a¡¡book¡¡was¡¡published,¡¡look¡¡at¡¡the¡¡following¡¡year¡¡or¡¡years.¡¡Reviews¡¡like¡¡college¡¡students,¡¡sometimes¡¡fall¡¡behind¡¡in¡¡their¡¡writing¡¡schedules.

21.¡¡It¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡read¡¡reviews¡¡because¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡___________.
¡ðA.¡¡know¡¡everything¡¡about¡¡a¡¡book
¡ðB.¡¡find¡¡a¡¡reliable¡¡source¡¡of¡¡information
¡ðC.¡¡know¡¡if¡¡the¡¡book¡¡is¡¡too¡¡easy¡¡or¡¡hard
¡ðD.¡¡fine¡¡the¡¡author's¡¡educational¡¡background.

22.¡¡where¡¡can¡¡you¡¡very¡¡quickly¡¡find¡¡the¡¡book¡¡reviews¡¡you¡¡want?
¡ðA.¡¡In¡¡newspapers.
¡ðB.¡¡In¡¡magazines.
¡ðC.¡¡In¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Digest.
¡ðD.¡¡In¡¡newspaper¡¡supplements.

23.¡¡IF¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡find¡¡reviews¡¡on¡¡a¡¡book¡¡published¡¡in¡¡1920,¡¡which¡¡of¡¡the¡¡following¡¡will¡¡you¡¡go¡¡to?
¡ðA.¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Digest.
¡ðB.¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Index.
¡ðC.¡¡Current¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Citations.
¡ðD.¡¡Both¡¡A¡¡and¡¡B.

24.¡¡If¡¡you¡¡need¡¡the¡¡most¡¡thorough¡¡information¡¡of¡¡reviews¡¡on¡¡a¡¡recent¡¡book,¡¡which¡¡of¡¡the¡¡following¡¡do¡¡you¡¡go¡¡to?
¡ðA.¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Digest.
¡ðB.¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Index.
¡ðC.¡¡Both¡¡A¡¡and¡¡B.
¡ðD.¡¡Current¡¡Book¡¡Review¡¡Citations.

25.¡¡The¡¡last¡¡sentence¡¡of¡¡this¡¡passage¡¡implies¡¡that¡¡college¡¡students¡¡in¡¡the¡¡West¡¡______.
¡ðA.¡¡often¡¡hand¡¡in¡¡their¡¡written¡¡work¡¡late.
¡ðB.¡¡do¡¡not¡¡like¡¡making¡¡plans.
¡ðC.¡¡always¡¡finish¡¡their¡¡homework¡¡on¡¡time.
¡ðD.¡¡usually¡¡follow¡¡schedules.

µÚ¶þƪ¡¡Coal¡¡Mining
England¡¡was¡¡a¡¡good¡¡place¡¡for¡¡coal.¡¡Near¡¡the¡¡seacoast¡¡coal¡¡was¡¡often¡¡washed¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡onto¡¡the¡¡beaches.¡¡Women¡¡and¡¡children¡¡gathered¡¡it¡¡to¡¡heat¡¡homes¡¡cheaply.¡¡But¡¡the¡¡noble¡¡class¡¡people¡¡once¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡allow¡¡cooking¡¡over¡¡coal¡¡fires.¡¡They¡¡believed¡¡coal¡¡smoke¡¡was¡¡poisonous.
The¡¡Dutch¡¡(ºÉÀ¼ÈË)¡¡too¡¡were¡¡mining¡¡coal¡¡in¡¡1113.¡¡But¡¡as¡¡they¡¡dug¡¡their¡¡mines¡¡deeper¡¡and¡¡deeper,¡¡the¡¡open¡¡flames¡¡of¡¡oil¡¡lamps¡¡often¡¡caused¡¡the¡¡gases¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mines¡¡to¡¡explode.¡¡It¡¡was¡¡not¡¡until¡¡1815¡¡that¡¡a¡¡safety¡¡lamp¡¡was¡¡invented.¡¡Sir¡¡Humphrey¡¡Davy¡¡invented¡¡a¡¡lamp¡¡inside¡¡a¡¡covering.¡¡The¡¡covering¡¡cooled¡¡the¡¡gases¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡them¡¡from¡¡exploding.¡¡And¡¡the¡¡flame¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡lamp¡¡burned¡¡blue¡¡when¡¡gas¡¡was¡¡present.¡¡This¡¡is¡¡still¡¡a¡¡valuable¡¡tool¡¡combining¡¡lighting¡¡with¡¡safety.
Then¡¡came¡¡a¡¡new¡¡important¡¡development.¡¡James¡¡Watt's¡¡steam¡¡engine¡¡gave¡¡human¡¡beings¡¡more¡¡power¡¡than¡¡anyone¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡before¡¡imagined.¡¡By¡¡1760¡¡coal¡¡was¡¡being¡¡used¡¡in¡¡the¡¡steam¡¡engine¡¡and¡¡the¡¡demand¡¡for¡¡coal¡¡increased.¡¡But¡¡human¡¡labor¡¡was¡¡still¡¡the¡¡only¡¡power¡¡for¡¡mining.¡¡More¡¡workers¡¡were¡¡needed.¡¡Sick¡¡men,¡¡old¡¡men,¡¡and¡¡children¡¡were¡¡all¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡work¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mines.¡¡Coal!¡¡More¡¡coal!¡¡Work¡¡them¡¡all¡¡to¡¡death,¡¡but¡¡produce¡¡the¡¡coal!
Today,¡¡mechanical¡¡devices¡¡have¡¡replaced¡¡much¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hard¡¡muscle¡¡work¡¡in¡¡the¡¡miner's¡¡job.¡¡Huge¡¡machines¡¡cut¡¡into¡¡rock¡¡where¡¡coal¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found.¡¡The¡¡machines¡¡break¡¡the¡¡coal¡¡and¡¡load¡¡it¡¡into¡¡cars¡¡or¡¡onto¡¡conveyor¡¡beles¡¡(´«ËÍ´ø).¡¡Huge¡¡machines¡¡lift¡¡the¡¡coal¡¡,¡¡at¡¡12,000¡¡pounds¡¡a¡¡minute,¡¡onto¡¡conveyor¡¡beles¡¡which¡¡carry¡¡the¡¡coal¡¡several¡¡miles.¡¡To¡¡miners¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡ago,¡¡all¡¡this¡¡would¡¡have¡¡seemed¡¡like¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡miner's¡¡heaven!

26.¡¡It¡¡was¡¡easy¡¡for¡¡women¡¡and¡¡children¡¡to¡¡gather¡¡coal¡¡in¡¡England¡¡because¡¡_________.
¡ðA.¡¡they¡¡lived¡¡near¡¡the¡¡coal¡¡mine
¡ðB.¡¡coal¡¡was¡¡washed¡¡onto¡¡the¡¡ground
¡ðC.¡¡rich¡¡people¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡use¡¡coal
¡ðD.¡¡England¡¡was¡¡rich¡¡in¡¡coal

27.¡¡How¡¡can¡¡miners¡¡know¡¡whether¡¡there¡¡is¡¡the¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡gas¡¡explosion¡¡or¡¡not?
¡ðA.¡¡From¡¡the¡¡smell¡¡of¡¡gases¡¡around¡¡them.
¡ðB.¡¡From¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡gases¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡mine.
¡ðC.¡¡From¡¡the¡¡color¡¡of¡¡the¡¡flame¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡lamp.
¡ðD.¡¡From¡¡the¡¡height¡¡of¡¡the¡¡flame¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡lamp.

28.¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage,¡¡the¡¡invention¡¡of¡¡the¡¡steam¡¡engine¡¡led¡¡to¡¡_______.
¡ðA.¡¡an¡¡increasing¡¡demand¡¡for¡¡coal
¡ðB.¡¡less¡¡human¡¡labor¡¡for¡¡mining
¡ðC.¡¡much¡¡more¡¡work¡¡for¡¡people¡¡to¡¡do
¡ðD.¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡mechanical¡¡devices¡¡in¡¡mining.

29.¡¡Which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡best¡¡interpretation¡¡of¡¡"work¡¡them¡¡to¡¡death,¡¡but¡¡produce¡¡the¡¡coal"¡¡in¡¡the¡¡3rd¡¡paragraph?
¡ðA.¡¡Coal¡¡had¡¡to¡¡be¡¡produced¡¡even¡¡if¡¡many¡¡miners¡¡would¡¡die¡¡of¡¡working¡¡overtime.
¡ðB.¡¡Miners¡¡were¡¡not¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡death¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡enough¡¡coal.
¡ðC.¡¡Miners¡¡were¡¡made¡¡to¡¡work¡¡till¡¡they¡¡died.
¡ðD.¡¡Every¡¡miner¡¡worked¡¡to¡¡death¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡the¡¡coal.

30.¡¡The¡¡last¡¡paragraph¡¡of¡¡this¡¡passage¡¡says¡¡that¡¡_________.
¡ðA.¡¡human¡¡labor¡¡is¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡needed¡¡in¡¡coal¡¡mining
¡ðB.¡¡new¡¡instruments¡¡have¡¡greatly¡¡improved¡¡coal¡¡production
¡ðC.¡¡modern¡¡machines¡¡have¡¡made¡¡miners¡¡lose¡¡their¡¡jobs
¡ðD.¡¡coal¡¡mines¡¡today¡¡have¡¡become¡¡miners'¡¡paradise

µÚËIJ¿·Ö¡¡¸ÅÀ¨´óÒâ¡¡(20·Ö)
¸øÏÂÃæÒ»ÆªÎÄÕµÄÿһ¶Î¸ÅÀ¨´óÒ⡣ÿһ¶ÎµÄÖ÷ÌâÓÃÒ»¸ö»ò¼¸¸öµ¥´Ê±íʾ£¬¿Õ³öµÄ´ÊÒѸø³öÁ˵ÚÒ»¸ö×Öĸ£¬Çë°ÑÆäÓà×Öĸ²¹È«¡£
31.¡¡R¡¡of¡¡Women
Women's¡¡rights¡¡are¡¡guarantees¡¡of¡¡political,¡¡social,¡¡and¡¡economic¡¡equality¡¡for¡¡women¡¡in¡¡a¡¡society¡¡that¡¡traditionally¡¡gives¡¡more¡¡power¡¡and¡¡freedom¡¡to¡¡men.¡¡Among¡¡these¡¡rights¡¡are¡¡control¡¡of¡¡property,¡¡equality¡¡of¡¡opportunity¡¡in¡¡education¡¡and¡¡employment,¡¡right¡¡of¡¡voting,¡¡and¡¡freedom¡¡of¡¡marriage.¡¡Today,¡¡complete¡¡political,¡¡economic,¡¡and¡¡social¡¡equality¡¡with¡¡men¡¡remains¡¡to¡¡be¡¡achieved.

32.¡¡Traditional¡¡Sta¡¡of¡¡Women
Male¡¡control¡¡was¡¡obvious¡¡from¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡written¡¡historical¡¡records,¡¡probable¡¡as¡¡a¡¡result¡¡of¡¡men's¡¡role¡¡in¡¡hunting¡¡and¡¡warfare.¡¡The¡¡belief¡¡that¡¡women¡¡were¡¡naturally¡¡weaker¡¡and¡¡inferior¡¡to¡¡men¡¡was¡¡also¡¡found¡¡in¡¡god-centered¡¡religions.¡¡Therefore,¡¡in¡¡most¡¡traditional¡¡societies,¡¡women¡¡generally¡¡were¡¡at¡¡a¡¡disadvantage.¡¡A¡¡woman¡¡had¡¡no¡¡legal¡¡control¡¡over¡¡her¡¡person,¡¡her¡¡own¡¡land¡¡and¡¡money,¡¡or¡¡her¡¡children.

33.¡¡S¡¡of¡¡Women's¡¡Rights¡¡Movement
The¡¡Age¡¡of¡¡Enlightenment¡¡(ÆôÃÉʱÆÚ)¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Industrial¡¡Revolution,¡¡which¡¡caused¡¡economic¡¡and¡¡social¡¡progress,¡¡provided¡¡a¡¡favorable¡¡climate¡¡for¡¡the¡¡rise¡¡of¡¡women's¡¡rights¡¡movement¡¡in¡¡the¡¡late¡¡18th¡¡and¡¡the¡¡19th¡¡century.¡¡In¡¡1848¡¡more¡¡than¡¡100¡¡persons¡¡held¡¡the¡¡first¡¡women's¡¡rights¡¡convention¡¡in¡¡New¡¡York,¡¡and¡¡the¡¡feminists¡¡(ŮȨÖ÷ÒåÕß)¡¡demanded¡¡equal¡¡rights,¡¡including¡¡the¡¡vote.

34.¡¡Dev¡¡
In¡¡the¡¡late¡¡1960s¡¡women¡¡made¡¡up¡¡about¡¡40¡¡percent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡work¡¡force¡¡in¡¡England,¡¡France,¡¡Germany,¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Untied¡¡States.¡¡This¡¡figure¡¡rose¡¡to¡¡more¡¡than¡¡50¡¡percent¡¡by¡¡the¡¡mid-1980s.¡¡A¡¡commission¡¡under¡¡the¡¡President¡¡was¡¡established¡¡in¡¡1960¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡equal¡¡opportunities¡¡for¡¡women.¡¡Acts¡¡of¡¡Congress¡¡entitled¡¡them¡¡to¡¡equality¡¡in¡¡education,¡¡employment,¡¡and¡¡legal¡¡rights.¡¡In¡¡1964¡¡the¡¡Civil¡¡Rights¡¡Act,¡¡initially¡¡intended¡¡only¡¡for¡¡black,¡¡was¡¡extended¡¡to¡¡women.

35.¡¡Go¡¡
The¡¡objectives¡¡of¡¡the¡¡women's¡¡movement¡¡included¡¡equal¡¡pay¡¡for¡¡equal¡¡work,¡¡federal¡¡support¡¡for¡¡day-care¡¡centres,¡¡recognition¡¡of¡¡lesbian¡¡(ŮͬÐÔÁµÕß)¡¡rights,¡¡making¡¡abortion¡¡(¶éÌ¥)¡¡legal,¡¡and¡¡the¡¡focus¡¡of¡¡serious¡¡attention¡¡on¡¡the¡¡problems¡¡of¡¡forced¡¡sex¡¡relations,¡¡wife¡¡and¡¡child¡¡beating,¡¡and¡¡discrimination¡¡against¡¡older¡¡and¡¡minority¡¡women.

µÚÎ岿·Ö¡¡ÔĶÁÀí½â¡¡(120·Ö)
µÚһƪ¡¡Physicians¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA
Self-employed¡¡private¡¡physicians¡¡who¡¡charge¡¡a¡¡fee¡¡for¡¡each¡¡patient¡¡visit¡¡are¡¡the¡¡foundation¡¡of¡¡medical¡¡practice¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States.¡¡Most¡¡physicians¡¡have¡¡a¡¡contract¡¡relationship¡¡with¡¡not¡¡or¡¡more¡¡hospital¡¡in¡¡the¡¡community.¡¡They¡¡send¡¡their¡¡patients¡¡to¡¡this¡¡hospital,¡¡which¡¡usually¡¡charges¡¡patients¡¡that¡¡they¡¡use.¡¡Some¡¡hospitals¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡a¡¡city,¡¡a¡¡state¡¡or,¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡veterans'¡¡hospitals,¡¡a¡¡federal¡¡government¡¡agency.¡¡Others¡¡are¡¡operated¡¡by¡¡religious¡¡orders¡¡(½ÌÌÃ)¡¡or¡¡other¡¡non-profit¡¡groups.
Some¡¡medical¡¡doctors¡¡are¡¡on¡¡salary.¡¡Salaried¡¡physicians¡¡may¡¡work¡¡as¡¡hospital¡¡staff¡¡members,¡¡or¡¡residents,¡¡who¡¡are¡¡often¡¡still¡¡in¡¡training.¡¡They¡¡may¡¡teach¡¡in¡¡medical¡¡schools,¡¡be¡¡hired¡¡by¡¡corporations¡¡to¡¡care¡¡for¡¡their¡¡workers¡¡or¡¡work¡¡for¡¡the¡¡federal¡¡government's¡¡Public¡¡Health¡¡Service.
Physicians¡¡are¡¡among¡¡the¡¡best¡¡paid¡¡professionals¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States.¡¡In¡¡the¡¡1980s,¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡uncommon¡¡for¡¡medical¡¡doctors¡¡to¡¡earn¡¡incomes¡¡of¡¡more¡¡than¡¡$¡¡100,000¡¡a¡¡year.¡¡Specialists,¡¡particularly¡¡surgeons,¡¡might¡¡earn¡¡several¡¡times¡¡that¡¡amount.¡¡Physicians¡¡list¡¡many¡¡reasons¡¡why¡¡they¡¡deserve¡¡to¡¡be¡¡so¡¡well¡¡rewarded¡¡for¡¡their¡¡work.¡¡One¡¡reason¡¡is¡¡the¡¡long¡¡and¡¡expensive¡¡preparation¡¡requited¡¡to¡¡become¡¡a¡¡physician¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States.¡¡Most¡¡would¡¡-be¡¡physicians¡¡first¡¡attend¡¡college¡¡for¡¡four¡¡years,¡¡which¡¡can¡¡cost¡¡nearly¡¡$¡¡20,000¡¡a¡¡year¡¡at¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡best¡¡private¡¡institutions.¡¡Prospective¡¡(δÀ´)¡¡physicians¡¡then¡¡attend¡¡medical¡¡school¡¡for¡¡four¡¡years.¡¡Tuition¡¡alone¡¡can¡¡exceed¡¡$¡¡10,000¡¡a¡¡year.¡¡By¡¡the¡¡time¡¡they¡¡have¡¡obtained¡¡their¡¡medical¡¡degrees,¡¡many¡¡young¡¡physicians¡¡are¡¡deeply¡¡in¡¡debt.¡¡They¡¡still¡¡face¡¡three¡¡to¡¡five¡¡years¡¡of¡¡residency¡¡(ʵÐн׶Î)¡¡in¡¡a¡¡hospital,¡¡the¡¡first¡¡year¡¡as¡¡an¡¡apprentice¡¡physician.¡¡The¡¡hours¡¡are¡¡long¡¡and¡¡they¡¡pay¡¡in¡¡relatively¡¡low.
Setting¡¡up¡¡a¡¡medical¡¡practice¡¡is¡¡expensive,¡¡too.¡¡Sometimes¡¡several¡¡physicians¡¡will¡¡decide¡¡to¡¡establish¡¡a¡¡group¡¡practice,¡¡so¡¡they¡¡can¡¡share¡¡the¡¡expense¡¡of¡¡maintaining¡¡an¡¡office¡¡and¡¡buying¡¡equipment.¡¡These¡¡physicians¡¡also¡¡of¡¡each¡¡other's¡¡patients¡¡in¡¡emergencies.
Physicians¡¡work¡¡long¡¡hours¡¡and¡¡must¡¡accept¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡responsibility.¡¡Many¡¡medical¡¡procedures,¡¡even¡¡quite¡¡routine¡¡ones,¡¡involve¡¡risk.¡¡It¡¡is¡¡understandable¡¡that¡¡physicians¡¡want¡¡to¡¡be¡¡well¡¡rewarded¡¡for¡¡making¡¡decisions¡¡which¡¡can¡¡mean¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡between¡¡life¡¡and¡¡death.

36.¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage,¡¡it¡¡is¡¡very¡¡unlikely¡¡that¡¡an¡¡American¡¡hospital¡¡is¡¡owned¡¡by¡¡__________.
¡ðA.¡¡a¡¡church
¡ðB.¡¡a¡¡corporation
¡ðC.¡¡a¡¡city
¡ðD.¡¡a¡¡state

37.¡¡The¡¡expenses¡¡for¡¡becoming¡¡a¡¡doctor¡¡are¡¡spent¡¡on¡¡_________.
¡ðA.¡¡schooling¡¡and¡¡training
¡ðB.¡¡practice¡¡in¡¡a¡¡hospital
¡ðC.¡¡facilities¡¡he¡¡or¡¡she¡¡uses.
¡ðD.¡¡education¡¡he¡¡or¡¡she¡¡receives

38.¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage,¡¡how¡¡long¡¡does¡¡it¡¡take¡¡for¡¡a¡¡would-be¡¡physician¡¡to¡¡become¡¡and¡¡independent¡¡physician¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA?
¡ðA.¡¡About¡¡seven¡¡years.
¡ðB.¡¡Eight¡¡years.
¡ðC.¡¡Ten¡¡years.
¡ðD.¡¡About¡¡twelve¡¡years.

39.¡¡Sometimes¡¡several¡¡physicians¡¡set¡¡up¡¡a¡¡group¡¡medical¡¡practice¡¡mainly¡¡because¡¡_______.
¡ðA.¡¡they¡¡may¡¡have¡¡more¡¡patients
¡ðB.¡¡they¡¡can¡¡take¡¡turns¡¡to¡¡work¡¡long¡¡hours
¡ðC.¡¡facilities¡¡may¡¡be¡¡a¡¡big¡¡burden¡¡to¡¡an¡¡individual
¡ðD.¡¡no¡¡one¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡assume¡¡too¡¡much¡¡responsibility

40.¡¡Which¡¡of¡¡the¡¡following¡¡statements¡¡could¡¡fully¡¡express¡¡the¡¡author's¡¡view¡¡towards¡¡physicians'¡¡payment¡¡in¡¡the¡¡USA?
¡ðA.¡¡Physicians'¡¡expensive¡¡education¡¡and¡¡the¡¡characteristics¡¡of¡¡their¡¡work¡¡make¡¡them¡¡well¡¡deserve¡¡the¡¡handsome¡¡pay
¡ðB.¡¡It¡¡is¡¡reasonable¡¡for¡¡physicians¡¡to¡¡have¡¡a¡¡large¡¡income¡¡because¡¡their¡¡work¡¡is¡¡very¡¡dangerous.
¡ðC.¡¡Physicians¡¡should¡¡be¡¡better¡¡paid¡¡because¡¡they¡¡work¡¡long¡¡hours¡¡under¡¡bad¡¡conditions.
¡ðD.¡¡Physicians¡¡shoulder¡¡great¡¡responsibility,¡¡so¡¡it¡¡is¡¡understand¡¡able¡¡that¡¡they¡¡should¡¡be¡¡well¡¡rewarded.

µÚ¶þƪ¡¡Water¡¡Pollution¡¡and¡¡Man
Water¡¡pollution¡¡affects¡¡man's¡¡health,¡¡recreational¡¡use¡¡of¡¡water,¡¡industrial¡¡of¡¡water¡¡and¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡beauty.
The¡¡spread¡¡of¡¡water-carried¡¡disease¡¡is¡¡of¡¡great¡¡concern.¡¡In¡¡highly¡¡developed¡¡countries¡¡in¡¡particular,¡¡emphasis¡¡has¡¡shifted¡¡from¡¡concern¡¡over¡¡bacterial¡¡disease¡¡to¡¡concern¡¡over¡¡water-carried¡¡viral¡¡(²¡¶¾ÐÔµÄ)¡¡disease.¡¡Viral¡¡hepatitis¡¡(¸ÎÑ×),¡¡for¡¡example,¡¡has¡¡been¡¡found¡¡to¡¡occur¡¡more¡¡frequently¡¡in¡¡cities¡¡whose¡¡water¡¡supplies¡¡have¡¡comparatively¡¡high¡¡levels¡¡of¡¡water¡¡impurity.¡¡Poisonous¡¡chemicals¡¡found¡¡in¡¡streams¡¡that¡¡are¡¡ultimately¡¡used¡¡for¡¡water¡¡supplies¡¡also¡¡create¡¡an¡¡important¡¡public¡¡health¡¡problem.
It¡¡is¡¡clear¡¡that¡¡poisonous¡¡chemicals¡¡must¡¡be¡¡excluded¡¡from¡¡water,¡¡but¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡chemicals¡¡from¡¡new¡¡pesticides,¡¡fertilizers,¡¡and¡¡other¡¡new¡¡products¡¡have¡¡been¡¡found¡¡in¡¡water.¡¡Since¡¡the¡¡public¡¡health¡¡significance¡¡of¡¡these¡¡chemicals¡¡is¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡fully¡¡known,¡¡they¡¡are¡¡of¡¡increasing¡¡concern.¡¡The¡¡chemicals¡¡from¡¡fertilizers¡¡are¡¡also¡¡finding¡¡their¡¡way¡¡into¡¡water¡¡supplies¡¡from¡¡groundwater¡¡pollution.
As¡¡man's¡¡desire¡¡for¡¡water-based¡¡recreation¡¡increases,¡¡greater¡¡demands¡¡are¡¡placed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡quality¡¡of¡¡water.¡¡The¡¡water¡¡must¡¡not¡¡only¡¡be¡¡attractive¡¡in¡¡appearance¡¡but¡¡also¡¡meet¡¡certain¡¡other¡¡conditions.¡¡Sports¡¡such¡¡as¡¡swimming¡¡involve¡¡direct¡¡contact¡¡with¡¡water,¡¡and¡¡so¡¡water¡¡standards¡¡are¡¡raised¡¡higher.
The¡¡range¡¡of¡¡water¡¡quality¡¡necessary¡¡for¡¡industrial¡¡processes¡¡varies¡¡greatly¡¡with¡¡the¡¡intended¡¡use¡¡of¡¡to¡¡water.¡¡The¡¡water¡¡used¡¡in¡¡steel¡¡mills,¡¡for¡¡example,¡¡must¡¡have¡¡a¡¡lower¡¡chloride¡¡(ÂÈÎï)¡¡level¡¡than¡¡that¡¡accepted¡¡for¡¡drinking¡¡water.¡¡Cooling¡¡water¡¡can¡¡often¡¡be¡¡of¡¡comparatively¡¡low¡¡sanitary¡¡quality.¡¡A¡¡large¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡water¡¡used¡¡in¡¡the¡¡paper-making¡¡industry¡¡can¡¡be¡¡of¡¡relatively¡¡low¡¡quality¡¡in¡¡some¡¡aspects,¡¡but¡¡must¡¡contain¡¡little¡¡iron¡¡and¡¡carbon¡¡dioxide.

41.¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage,¡¡the¡¡people¡¡in¡¡highly¡¡developed¡¡countries¡¡today¡¡are¡¡most¡¡concerned¡¡about¡¡_________.
¡ðA.¡¡bacterial¡¡disease
¡ðB.¡¡water-carried¡¡disease
¡ðC.¡¡poisonous¡¡chemicals¡¡in¡¡streams
¡ðD.¡¡water¡¡impurity

42.¡¡The¡¡chemicals¡¡from¡¡pesticides¡¡and¡¡fertilizers¡¡found¡¡in¡¡water¡¡are¡¡of¡¡increasing¡¡concern¡¡because¡¡____________.
¡ðA.¡¡Their¡¡significance¡¡to¡¡man's¡¡health¡¡has¡¡not¡¡been¡¡completely¡¡known.
¡ðB.¡¡they¡¡may¡¡cause¡¡groundwater¡¡pollution
¡ðC.¡¡they¡¡can¡¡find¡¡their¡¡way¡¡into¡¡water¡¡supplies¡¡for¡¡farmers
¡ðD.¡¡they¡¡are¡¡important¡¡factors¡¡contributing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡spread¡¡of¡¡disease

43.¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage,¡¡water-based¡¡recreation¡¡demands¡¡that¡¡_______.
¡ðA.¡¡the¡¡water¡¡contain¡¡a¡¡higher¡¡level¡¡of¡¡oxygen
¡ðB.¡¡the¡¡water¡¡contain¡¡little¡¡iron¡¡and¡¡carbon¡¡dioxide
¡ðC.¡¡the¡¡water¡¡be¡¡attractive¡¡and¡¡of¡¡high¡¡quality
¡ðD.¡¡the¡¡water¡¡standards¡¡be¡¡appropriate¡¡for¡¡all¡¡sports

44.¡¡In¡¡the¡¡last¡¡paragraph,¡¡the¡¡author¡¡mentions¡¡all¡¡of¡¡the¡¡following¡¡except¡¡_________.
¡ðA.¡¡water¡¡quality¡¡necessary¡¡for¡¡steel¡¡mills
¡ðB.¡¡soft¡¡water¡¡and¡¡hard¡¡water¡¡for¡¡industrial¡¡processes
¡ðC.¡¡cooling¡¡water¡¡of¡¡low¡¡sanitary¡¡quality
¡ðD.¡¡water¡¡standards¡¡for¡¡paper¡¡mills

45.¡¡As¡¡the¡¡passage¡¡is¡¡not¡¡complete,¡¡that¡¡do¡¡you¡¡think¡¡would¡¡follow¡¡in¡¡its¡¡full¡¡text?
¡ðA.¡¡The¡¡relationship¡¡between¡¡carbon¡¡dioxide¡¡and¡¡paper¡¡making.
¡ðB.¡¡Water¡¡pollution's¡¡direct¡¡economic¡¡effects¡¡on¡¡man.
¡ðC.¡¡Examples¡¡of¡¡continued¡¡water¡¡pollution.
¡ðD.¡¡Man's¡¡views¡¡on¡¡water¡¡pollution¡¡in¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡beauty¡¡values.

µÚÁù²¿·Ö¡¡ÍêÐÎÌî¿Õ¡¡(30·Ö)
¸ù¾Ý¶ÌÎÄÔÚ¿Õ°×´¦ÌîÉÏÊʵ±µÄµ¥´Ê£¬¸Ãµ¥´ÊµÄµÚÒ»¸ö×ÖĸÒѾ­¸ø³ö¡£
Crime¡¡and¡¡Drugs
Despite¡¡the¡¡respect¡¡of¡¡most¡¡Americans¡¡for¡¡law¡¡and¡¡the¡¡determination¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legal¡¡system¡¡to¡¡protect¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡individuals,¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States,¡¡like¡¡all¡¡other¡¡countries,¡¡does¡¡experience¡¡crime.¡¡Especially¡¡in¡¡large¡¡cities,¡¡the¡¡c¡¡46¡¡rate¡¡can¡¡be¡¡high.
A¡¡high¡¡percentage¡¡of¡¡crime¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡in¡¡directly¡¡related¡¡to¡¡the¡¡illegal¡¡sale¡¡and¡¡u¡¡47¡¡of¡¡drugs.¡¡Drugs¡¡are¡¡smuggled¡¡i¡¡48¡¡the¡¡country¡¡by¡¡organized¡¡groups¡¡of¡¡criminals¡¡despite¡¡intense¡¡efforts¡¡by¡¡the¡¡government¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡the¡¡illegal¡¡drug¡¡trade.¡¡T¡¡49¡¡who¡¡become¡¡addicted¡¡to¡¡drug¡¡use¡¡sometimes¡¡rob¡¡or¡¡break¡¡into¡¡houses¡¡or¡¡stores¡¡to¡¡get¡¡money¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡f¡¡50¡¡the¡¡drugs.
Drug¡¡use¡¡has¡¡caused¡¡great¡¡concern¡¡i¡¡51¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States.¡¡The¡¡federal¡¡government¡¡has¡¡worked¡¡hard¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡the¡¡growing¡¡of¡¡drug¡¡plants¡¡in¡¡other¡¡c¡¡52¡¡.¡¡It¡¡has¡¡also¡¡set¡¡up¡¡special¡¡agencies,¡¡sometimes¡¡working¡¡with¡¡agencies¡¡from¡¡o¡¡53¡¡nations,¡¡to¡¡catch¡¡the¡¡smugglers¡¡outside¡¡and¡¡inside¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States.¡¡Teachers¡¡and¡¡many¡¡other¡¡citizens¡¡work¡¡together¡¡to¡¡t¡¡54¡¡children¡¡about¡¡the¡¡dangers¡¡of¡¡drug¡¡use.¡¡Many¡¡government¡¡agencies¡¡in¡¡the¡¡states¡¡and¡¡private¡¡citizen¡¡groups¡¡work¡¡to¡¡help¡¡drug¡¡addicts¡¡give¡¡u¡¡55¡¡their¡¡drug¡¡use¡¡and¡¡turn¡¡to¡¡useful¡¡lives.
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