准备专四的过程中对一些词做了总结，这几天清盘看到一些舍不得丢，贴在这里，大家有用的尽管拿了去
1. but
but 这个词绝对贱，本身没有实意，却是我和老外讨论政治相关的问题时绝对不希望听到的词。
对和我关系比较好的几个老外我向来很友好，一起吃一起玩。
但经历了cnn事件不难理解，从小在这种舆论下长大的孩子不会觉得中国多好的。讨论到政治相关的问题，我总是要说OK, there's no talking over it! 我虽然不算是民族主义什么，但好歹也算是热血青年，听到老外说中国是怎么怎么不好，台湾应该怎么怎么样的时候还是热血喷张的。
但本人对政治历史又是不通一窍的，也找不到什么东西驳他。于是一听到他说but，我就知道我又该苦苦搜索我那pitful sum of history knowledge了。
好了正题，下面是我总结的but的几种用法

• But

    1.only 只; 仅仅
            * He's but a boy. 他不过是个孩子.
            * If I had but known she was ill, I would have visited her. 我倘若知道她病了, 早就去探望她了.
            * I don't think we'll succeed. Still, we can but try. 我想我们不会成功. 但是不妨试一试.
            *It took her but a few days to learn it.只不过几天时间她就学会了。
这项but和其他词用法的区别
but
adv.  and nothing more;
merely;simply;just;only
           I was merely asking
           it is simply a matter of time
           just a scratch
           he was only a child
           hopes that last but a moment

2.one cannot/could not but… one can only...; one is obliged to... 不得不...; 只好…
           * It was a rash thing to do, yet one cannot but admire her courage. 这事做得过於鲁莽, 然而不能不佩服她的勇气.

           * I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong. 我不得不承认他对了, 我错了.

• But conj (often used to introduce a word or phrase contrasting with or qualifying what has gone before 常用以引出与前文相对照或修饰前文的词语)

    1.on the contrary 相反地; 而; 却
           * You've bought the wrong shirt. It's not the red one I wanted but the blue one. 你买错了衬衫. 我要的不是红色的; 而是蓝色的.
           * Tom went to the party, but his brother didn't. 汤姆去参加聚会了, 他的兄弟却没去.
           * He doesn't like music but his wife does. 他不喜欢音乐, 可他的妻子却很喜欢.
    2. (a) yet; however; in spite of this 但; 然而; 尽管如此
           * She cut her knee badly, but didn't cry. 她弄伤了膝盖, 但是并没有哭.
           * I'd love to go to the theatre tonight, but I'm too busy. 我倒是很想今晚去看戏的, 只是我太忙了.
           * This restaurant serves cheap but excellent food. 这家餐馆价廉物美.
           * He's hard-working, but not very clever. 他很努力, 却不大聪明.
     (b) yet also; at the same time 但也; 但又; 同时也; 同时又
           * He was tired but happy after the long walk. 他走了一段很长的路之後, 虽然很累但也很愉快.
    3.(dated or fml 旧或文) (usu after a negative 通常用於否定词语之後) without the result that...; without it also being the case that... 而不产生...的结果; 而不同时也...
           * I never pass my old house but I think of the happy years I spent there. 每当我路过我的故居时, 都会追忆起我在那儿度过的快乐岁月.
           * No man is so cruel but he may feel some pity. 没有人会残忍到连一点同情心都没有.
    4.(showing disagreement, surprise or astonishment 表示异议﹑
惊奇或吃惊)
           * `I'll give you ten pounds to repair the damage.' `But that's not nearly enough!' ‘我给你十英镑赔偿你的损失吧.’ ‘那可远远不够哇!’
           * `I'm getting married.' `But that's wonderful!' ‘我快要结婚了.’ ‘啊, 那太好了!’
    5.(used to emphasize a word 用以加强某词的语气):
           * Nothing, but nothing will make me change my mind. 没有任何事情, 绝对没有任何事情可以使我改变主意.
We will be here on time. But on time.
我们将准时到达这里,一定准时。
    6.(idm 习语) 用"但是"来表示反对;异议[C]
           but me no `buts don't argue with me or make excuses 不要跟我争辩或推托
               Not so many buts, please.请别老是反对个没完。
           but that... (dated or fml 旧或文)                                                                这一项绝对是你英语炫技的好料
           (a) were it not for the fact that... 要不是...; 若非…
               * But that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned. 要不是你看见我掉在水里, 我早就淹死了.
               * He would have come with us but that he had no money. 他要不是因为缺钱, 就跟我们一起来了.
           (b) (after a negative 用於否定词语之後) that…
               * I don't deny/doubt/question but that you're telling the truth. 我并不否认[猜疑/怀疑]你所说的是事实.
           (c) other than 不同於; 非
               * Who knows but that what he says is true? We have no proof that he is lying. 谁能知道他说的不是真话? 我们没有证据证明他说谎.
           but then on the other hand; moreover; nevertheless 但另一方面; 此外; 不过
               * He speaks very good French but then he did live in Paris for three years. 他法语说得好极了--但他毕竟在巴黎居住三年了.
           not only...but also... both...and... 不但...而且…
               * He is not only arrogant but also selfish. 他不但傲慢, 而且自私.

• But prep (used after the negatives nobody, none, nowhere, etc, the question words who, where, etc, and also all, everyone, anyone, etc 用於否定词nobody﹑none﹑nowhere等和疑问词who﹑where等之後, 以及 all﹑ everyone﹑anyone等之後)

    1.except (sb/sth); apart from; other than 除（某人[某事物]）以外; 此外; 不同於
           * The problem is anything but easy. 这个问题可绝对不容易.
           * Everyone was there but him. 除了他之外, 所有的人都在.
           * Nobody but you could be so selfish. 除了你之外, 谁也不会这样自私.
           * Nothing but trouble will come of this plan. 这个计划只能带来麻烦.
    2.(idm 习语) but for sb/sth
     except for sb/sth; without sb/sth 要不是因为某人[某事物]; 如果没有某人[某事物]
           * But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨, 我们的假日一定过得很惬意.

           * But for the safety-belt I wouldn't be alive today. 假若没有安全带, 我就活不到今天了.
    3.rel pron 关系代词 (dated or fml 旧或文) (after a negative 用於否定词语之後) who/that do/does not 无人[事物]不
           * There is no man but feels (ie no man who does not feel) pity for starving children. 没有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子.
           * There is not one of us but wishes (ie not one of us that does not wish) to help you. 我们没有一个人不想帮助你.


[ 本帖最后由 Phenax 于 2008-4-27 12:11 编辑 ]

呵呵！
收藏了，等那次考试我拿来当作复习资料用！hoho……

现在贴上 Yet
yet 是作文中的炫技词，用得好可以为文章增色不少， 特别是第四个词条


Yet adv
1.(a) (used in questions and negative sentences and after vs expressing uncertainty, usu in final position; in British English usu with the present or past perfect tense, in US English usu with the simple past 用於疑问句和否定句中及用於表示怀疑的动词之後, 通常位於句末; 在英式英语中通常用於现在或过去完成时态, 在美式英语通常用於简单过去时态) by this or that time; until now/then 到这时; 到那时; 直至现在[当时]; 尚; 还; 仍然
I haven't received a letter from him yet. 我至今尚未收到他的信. (Cf 参看 (US) I didn't receive a letter from him yet.)

* `Are you ready?' `No, not yet.' ‘你准备好了吗?’‘还没准备好呢.’
* She was not yet sure if she could trust him. 她还没有把握确定是否相信他.

* I doubt if he has read it yet. 我怀疑他是否看过这篇东西.
(b) now or in the immediate future 现在; 马上; 立刻
Don't go yet. 先不要走.
* You don't need to start yet. 你不必立刻就走.

Yet VS already
Yet is only used in negative statements and in questions *yet只用於否定的陈述句及疑问句:
`It's time to go. ' `I'm not ready yet.' ‘该走了.’‘我还没准备好呢.’
* Are you out of bed yet? 你已经起床了吗?
Already emphasizes the completion of an action. It is usually used in positive statements*already强调动作的完成, 常与肯定的陈述句连用:
By midday they had already travelled 200 miles. 到中午为止, 他们已经走了200英里了.

Already can be used in questions to express surprise *already可用於疑问句, 表示惊奇:
Have you finished lunch already? It's only 12 o'clock! 你已经吃过午饭了吗? 现在才12点钟啊!


2.(used after superlatives 用於最高级之後) made, produced, written, etc until and including now/then 直至现在[当时]（所制造﹑
生产﹑
书写等）
he most comprehensive study yet of his poetry 迄今为止对他的诗歌最全面的研究

* the highest building yet constructed 到现在为止最高的建筑物

* her best novel yet
她的最好的小说.
3.(used with a modal v; formal if placed immediately after the modal v 与情态动词连用; 若紧接情态动词之後则更文雅) at an indefinite time in the future 不久的将来; 迟早; 早晚
We may win yet. 我们迟早会获胜的.

* She may surprise us all yet. 她总有一天会让我们大家感到惊奇.

* (fml 文) We can yet reach our destination. 我们终究能达到目的.
4.(used in front of comparatives 用於比较级之前) even 更
* yet one more example of criminal negligence 另一个刑事疏忽之例

* yet another victim of government policy on national health funding 政府的国民保健拨款政策的另一个受害者

* a recent and yet more improbable theory 最新的而且也是更加不可信的理论

* advancing yet further
更进一步的发展.
5.(idm 习语)
as `yet until now/then 到现在[当时]为止:

an as yet unpublished document 现尚未发表的文件
* As yet little is known of the causes of the disease. 造成这种疾病的原因迄今几乎一无所知.
yet a`gain (emphatic 强调) once more 再; 再一次:
Yet again we can see the results of hasty decision-making. 我们可以再一次看到仓促作出决定的後果.

Yet conj but at the same time; nevertheless 然而; 而; 但是:
* slow yet thorough 虽然慢但是彻底

* She trained hard all year yet still failed to reach her best form. 她全年艰苦训练, 然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态.