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新东方赵丽老师考研词汇总结

本主题由 Onion 于 2008-4-9 09:11 移动
maintain  (v.维修;维持;支持)即main+tain,main词根=hand,tain词根=hold(参unsustainable,2003年Text 4)。He who tells a lie is not sensible how great a task he undertakes; for he must invent twenty more to maintain that one.说谎者没有意识到自己要承担多么艰巨的任务,因为他必须再说二十个谎言来维持这个谎言。
prescribe  (v.指示;开处方)←pre在前+scribe写,“在拿药之前写”→开处方。If I were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important.我如果是医生,就会开处方给所有认为自己的工作非同小可的病人放一天假。
legitimate  (合法的;v.合法)即legitim+ate,legitim词根“合法”(leg即词根“法律”),-ate后缀。
homicide  (n.杀人,杀人者)即homi+cide,homi词根“人”=human,cide词根“切”=cut。
debate  (v.n.争论,辩论)即de+bate,de-向下,bate词根“打”=beat,“通过语言把对手打倒”→“辩论”。同根词:combat(v.n.战斗,格斗)←com一起+bat。Debate is the best catalyst of thought.争论是思想最好的催化剂。
ineffectual  (无效的)←in否定前缀+effect效果+ual形容词后缀,与ineffective意思相近但有区别,ineffectual强调“不起作用的”,ineffective强调“效率低的”。
hospice  (收容所)可看作hosp(ital)+ice,医院里什么都没有,只有冰,于是就不能再叫医院了,叫“收容所”。
predictably  (可预言地)←pre+dict+abl(e)+(l)y,参prediction(2003年Text 1)。
systematic  (系统的;有计划的)←system系统+-atic形容词后缀。systematic liar 故意说谎者。
incompetently  (无能力地)即in+competent+ly,in-否定前缀,competnet(有能力的),-ly副词后缀。
define  (下定义;限定)即de+fine,de-向下,fine词根“界限”。Man is made in such a way that he continually has to define himself and continually escape his own definitions.人注定要不断地给自己下定义,又不断地逃避他自己的定义。
desperate  (绝望的;不顾一切的)←desper+ate,desper同despair(v.n.绝望),-ate形容词后缀。If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt, they would take heart and try again.世上的失败者若能了解到当今的天才有半数一度感到过多么绝望,他们就会振作精神再次努力。It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.不做孤注一掷之事是智者的特征。
morphine  吗啡(音译);well-meaning 善意的。

2001 Passage 1

重点词汇:
specialisation  (专业化)即special+is(e)+ation,special(特别的;额外的),-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化),-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)←special+ist后缀表“人”。Love is a special affection for a man or a woman, which is stronger than that for any other person.爱情是对一个男人或女人的特殊的好感,它比对其他任何人的好感都强烈。specialist — a doctor whose patients can be ill only during office hours 专科医生——一位医生:他的病人只有在上班时间才能生病。specialist — one who knows more and more about less and less 专家——对越来越少的东西懂得越来越多的人。
response  (回复;响应)是respond(见2003年Text 2)的名词形式。The sartorial artist no less than the sculptor, the painter and the musician dreams of creations that will awaken a response in the soul of the world.好裁缝跟雕塑家、画家和音乐家一样,梦想着能在世人灵魂中引起反响的作

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品。
accumulation (积累,堆积)即accumulate+ation,accumulate(v.积累,堆积),-ation名词后缀。University are full of knowledge; the freshmen bring a little in and the seniors take none away, and knowledge accumulates.大学里充满了知识,新生带进来一些,高年级学生则一点也不带走,于是知识就积累了下来。
professionalisation  (职业化)即professional+is(e)+ation,professional(职业的;职业人员),-ise动词后缀(professionalise即v.职业化),-ation名词后缀。In love woman are professionals, men are amateurs.在恋爱中女子是专业者,男子是业余者。
clear-cut 明确的,清晰的。
amateur  (业余的;业余爱好者)可记谐音“爱慕它”,“业余爱好者”选择某专业必定是“爱慕它”。Every artist was once an amateur.所有的艺术家都曾经是业余爱好者。
distinction  (差别,区分)即distinct+ion,distinct(清楚的,明显的),-ion名词后缀。同根词:extinct灭绝(因为有x而省略s);instinct本能。Success seems to be that which forms the distinction between confidence and conceit.成功似乎是形成自信与自负区别的东西。
connotation  (涵义)即con+not(e)+ation,con-前缀“一起”,note记录,-ation名词后缀,“所有东西都被一起记录在其中”→涵义。
integrate  (使成为一体)←integr完整+ate,参disintegrate(2003年Text 4)。
participation  (参加;分享)即parti+cip+ation,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓(参captive,2003年Text 3),-ation名词后缀,“抓取其中一部分”→分享;动词为participate←parti+cip+ate。We participate in a tragedy; at a comedy we only look.悲剧我们参加,喜剧我们仅仅观看。
in terms of 依据;用……措辞。
reveal (v.展现;揭示;泄露)即re+veal,re-前缀(=away),veal(=veil)面纱,“揭开面纱”→展示。A person reveals his character by nothing so clearly as the joke he resents.没有什么比一个人所反感的笑话更能显露他的为人。If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees.你如果把秘密泄露给风,就不应责怪风把秘密泄露给树。
emphasis (强调,重点)可看作em+phasis,em-前缀“强调”,phasis看作是phase(阶段)的复述形式,于是“在各阶段里最值得强调的”→强调。I sometime wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.有时候我但愿人们多把重点放在遵守法律上,而非强调其实施。
primacy  (首要,首位)即prim(e)+acy,prime首要的,-acy名词后缀,primacy与privacy(隐私)一字母之差,“隐私”是最“首要”的。
definition  (定义)即defin(e)+ition,define(下定义;限定)见2002年Text 4,-ition名词后缀。It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say that he is one who never inflicts pain.说一个人从不给人造成痛苦,这几乎是下了一个关于君子的定义。
represent  (v.描述;代表)←re+present。Books only partially represent their authors.图书只是部分地体现了作者。
reflect  (v.反射;反映;思考)←re回+flect弯曲。There are two ways of spreading light: To be the candle, or the mirror that reflects it.散布光的方法有两种:当蜡烛或者当反射烛光的镜子。Who reflects too much will accomplish little.思虑过多者一事难成。
referee  (仲裁者v.仲裁)←refer+ee。
separate  (分离的v.分离)←se+par+ate,se-前缀“分离”,par看作part“分离”,-ate后缀。同前缀词:select(v.选择a.精选的)←se+lect选。We sleep in separate rooms, we have dinner apart, we take separate vacations — we're doing everything we can to keep our marriage together.我们在分开的房间睡觉,我们分开吃饭,我们分开度假——我们做着能做的一切以维持婚姻。You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.你无法将安宁与自由分开,因为得不到自由谁都不会安宁。

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delay  (v.n.耽搁,延迟)看作de+lay,de-向下,lay放,把事情暂时“放下”→耽搁。Never delay that should be done today until tomorrow.不要把今天应做的事推迟到明天。
reckon  (v.认为;估算)看作re+ckon,re-前缀“反复”,ckon谐音“啃”,题目太难了,需要“re啃”才能“估算”出答案。I reckon being ill as one of the great pleasures of life, provided one is not too ill and is not obliged to work till one is better.我把生病当作人生一大乐趣,只要病得不太严重,并且在好转之前不被要求工作。
crucial  (极重要的,决定性的)即cruc+ial,cruc词根(=cross),-ail形容词后缀,“处于十字路口的”→关键的。
psychology  (心理学)←psycho+logy,psycho词根“心理”,-logy后缀“……学”。The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.心理学的用途是告诉我们对最熟悉事物的完全不同的观念。psychology — ①the science that tells you what you already know, in words you can't understand ②the theology of the twentieth century 心理学——①一门科学:它用你听不明白的语言告诉你已经知道的事 ②20世纪的神学。
in one's own right 凭自身条件;under way 在进行中。

2001 Passage 2

重点词汇:
divide  (分开;分配;除)是division // (分开;部门;除法)的动词形式。The only way on earth to multiply happiness is to divide it.世上唯一能使幸福成倍增加的方法是将其分作几份。Grief can take care of itself, but to get the full value of a joy you must have somebody to divide it with.悲伤只需其自身就足够了,然而要获取一件乐事的充分价值,你就必须找人分享。Instead of this absurd division into sexes they ought to class people as static and dynamic.为取代性别这种荒唐的区别,他们应该把人分成静态与动态两种。
loom  (v.隐约出现;织布机)可看作loo+m,loo即数字100,m即国际单位“米”,能织出100米长的布的“织布机”;另外布在织成以前是透明的,所以布后面的东西是可以“隐约出现”的。
commercialize  (使商业化)即commercial+ize,commercial(商业的)←commerc(e)+ial,-ize动词后缀“使……化”。Good manners are the settled medium of social, as specie is of commercial life.礼貌是社会生活固定的中介,就像硬币之于商业生活。commercialism — doing well that which should not be done at all 商业主义——把根本不该做的事做得很好。
universalize  (使普遍化)即universal+ize,universal(宇宙的;普遍的)←univers(e)+al,-ize动词后缀“使……化”。Envy is the most universal passion.忌妒是最普遍的情感。universe — merely a fleeting idea in God's mind — a pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you're just made a down payment on a house 宇宙——不过是上帝头脑里一个稍纵即逝的想法——一种让人很不舒服的想法,特别是在你刚预付过房子的定金之后。
impoverish (使贫穷;使枯竭)←im加强前缀+pover词根+ish动词后缀;
同根词:poverty  (贫穷)←pover+ty名词后缀。
prejudice  (偏见v.n.损害)即pre+jud+ice,pre-前缀“在前”,jud词根“判断”(=judge),-ice后缀,“在弄清事实之前就做出判断”→偏见,而“偏见”是会招致“损害”的。Prejudice is the child of ignorance.偏见是无知的产物。prejudice — a device enabling you to form opinions without getting the facts 偏见——使你能在不了解事实的情况下形成观点的一种装置。
respect  (v.n.尊敬)即re+spect,re-反复,spect词根“看”,反复看一个人是对其表示“尊敬”;with respect to 关于。All the great religions are fundamentally equal. We must have innate respect for other religions as we have for our own.一切伟大的宗教在根本上都是等同的。我们对于其它宗教,必须像对自己的宗教一样怀着天然的敬意。respect — to admire from a distance 尊敬——从远处赞赏。

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sovereignty  (主权;主权国家)即sover+(r)eign+ty,sover(=over)在上,reign统治,-ty名词后缀,“在上面统治”;sovereign(统治的;统治者)←sover+(r)eign。Men in great places are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business.身居高位者是三重仆人:统治者或国家的仆人,名声的仆人,以及事务的仆人。
infrastructure  (基础设施)即infra+structure,infra-前缀“在下”,structure(v.n.构造)。以infra-为前缀的词:infrahuman(类人猿的;类人生物)←infra+human;infrared(红外线的;红外线)←infra+red。
telecom  (电信)即telecommunication。
responsible  (负责的;可靠的;责任重大的)即respons(e)+ible,response回应(见2001年Passage 1),-ible能……的,“能得到回应的”→负责的。An idea isn't responsible for the people who believe in it.一种思想对信仰它的人并不负有责任。To be a man is, precisely, to be responsible.确切地说,做男人就是负责任。
in the interest of 为了……的利益;may well 很有可能;lie down 屈从。


2001 Passage 3

重点词汇:
journalism  (新闻;新闻业)即journal+ism,journal(期刊;日志),-ism后缀。journalism — that with which you may fill the space between advertisements 新闻——用以填充广告与广告之间的空隙的东西。
credibility (可信性)即cred+ibility,cred词根“相信”(如credit→cred+it→信用),-ibility名词后缀“可……性”(如ability←a+(i)bility)。credibility gap — what happens to the same news between the morning telecast and the evening paper 信用差距——早间电视新闻与晚报之间同一条新闻发生的情况。
head-scratching(令人为难的)即head+scratch+ing,head头,scratch抓,-ing形容词后缀,“急得直抓头”→为难的。
template  (模板)可看作templ(e)+ate,temple寺庙,ate吃,现在倾向于素食的人越来越多,而temple是ate素的“模板”(template)。
conventional (传统的,惯例的)←convention+al,参convention(大会;惯例;公约),2002年Text 1。
newsroom  (编辑室;阅览室)←news+room。
backbone (主干)←back+bone。
survey (v.n.俯瞰;调查)即sur+vey,sur-前缀=super,vey词根“看”,故“从上面看”→俯瞰→引申为“调查”。An informal survey shows that what most people wanted for Christmas was two more weeks to prepare for it.一项非正式调查显示,大多数人圣诞节想要的东西是再给两个星期准备过节。
questionnaire  (调查表)←question+naire名词后缀表“物”。
metropolitan(大都市的;大都市的人)即metro+polit+an,metro-前缀“母体,大”,同matri-,《黑客帝国》里的电脑“母体”就叫Matrix(即母体这东东太复杂,对任何人来说都是个大的未知数X),polit词根“城市”,-an后缀表“……的”或“……的人”;也可把polit看作polite(有礼貌的),于是“懂礼貌的大地方”→大都市的。
upscale  (高消费阶层的;质优价高的)←up向上+scale等级。
volunteer  (志愿的;志愿者v.志愿)←volunt意愿+eer;voluntary(自愿的)←volunt+ary形容词后缀。Maintain outside interests — volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.保持业余爱好——自愿做无利可图的事情而保持身体健康。

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sponsor  (v.发起;赞助n.主办者)←spons(e)词根+or后缀;参response,2001年Passage 1。The longest word in the English language is the one following the phrase: "And now a word from our sponsor."英语中最长的单词是由此引发的:“现在请赞助者×××。”←此处×××不好译,因为显然不能译为“说一个词”,而译为“说几句话”则失去了原句的一语双关。 symposium  (专题讨论会;专题论文集)即sym+pos+ium,sym-前缀“共同”,pos词根“放”,-ium后缀表“地方”,“把共同的问题放在一起讨论”→专题讨论会,“把共同讨论好的问题放在一起”→专题论文集。
bias  (v.n.偏见)谐音“白饿死”,古人有骨气者不吃嗟来之食而饿死,后来某些人对此不以为然,认为这是古人的“偏见”,所以是“白饿死”(bias)←白白饿死。
gender  (性别)可看作gen(e)+der,gene即单词“基因”,der谐音“的”,故“基因的”→“由基因决定的”→性别。
contradictory  (反驳的;矛盾的;对立物)即contra+dict+ory,contra-前缀“相反”,dict词根“说”(如dictate→dict+ate动词后缀→口述;命令),-ory后缀;contradict(v.反驳;矛盾)←contra+dict。Assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are correct.坚定的看法不是论据,反驳对手的说法不能证明你是正确的。
illuminating  (照明的;启发的)即illuminat(e)+ing形容词后缀,illuminate(照明;启发)可看作illumin+ate,illumin谐音“一路明”,-ate动词后缀,“使”“一路明”→照明→引申为“启发”。The man of science, like the artist, may easily have more facts than he can use. Both seek the one fact out of a million that will illuminate their idea. Both find that it is rarely to be had without research.与艺术家一样,科学家可以轻易得到用不尽的事实。他们都在上百万的事实中寻求能说明自己想法的那一个,都发现未经调查研究而得到它几乎是不可能的。
superficial  (表面的;肤浅的)即super+fici+al,super-前缀“上面的”,fici看作face“表面”,-al形容词后缀,“表面上的”→肤浅的。To know things well, we must know them in detail; but as that is almost endless, our knowledge is always superficial and imperfect.为了充分认识事物,我们必须详细了解它们,然而那几乎是没有穷尽的,所以我们的知识总是肤浅和不完善的。
be known as 称为;alien to 为……所不熟悉;put down roots in 定居;get around to 抽时间做。

2001 Passage 4

重点词汇:
acquisition  (收购;获得;获得物)即acquisit+(t)ion,acquisit为acquire(v.获得)之变形,-tion名词后缀。
hyperactive  (过度活跃的)即hyper+active,hyper-前缀“超过;过度”(h脱落,元音y变u,即为uper),active活跃的。
unsurpassed (未被超越的)即un+surpass+ed,un-否定前缀,surpass(v.超过)←sur前缀“超”+pass过,-ed形容词后缀。If a pupil looks up at the teacher as a model, but not as a rival, he can never surpass the teacher.弟子如果视老师为榜样而非对手,他就永远超不过老师。
concentration  (集中;专心;浓度)即con+centr+ation,con-前缀“一起”,centr(=center)词根“中心”,-ation名词后缀,“一起聚集在中心的”→集中;专心。No fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.没有全神贯注、自我牺牲、辛劳和怀疑,就做不出优秀的工作。concentration — the ability to do your son's homework while he is watching television 专心——儿子看电视时你替他做家庭作业的本事。
multinational (跨国公司;跨国公司的)即multi+national,multi-前缀“多”(如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍;多倍的;倍数),national国家的。
affiliate (v.附属;附属机构)即af+fili+ate,af-加强前缀,fili谐音“费力”,-ate后缀,想让别人成为自己的“附属”是很“费力”的。
phenomenon  (现象)复数形式为phenomena。Nature is by no means inferior to art, and no works of art is not the imitation of various phenomena of nature.自然绝对不低于艺术,艺术作品无一不是对种种自然现象的模仿。
M&A(兼并与收购)即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions。
detrimental  (有害的)可看作detri+mental,detri谐音“淡吃”(沪方言,表示只吃饭而不吃菜),mental谐音“馒头”,于是“淡吃馒头”→天天只吃馒头而不吃菜对身体是“有害的”。
megamerger (大兼并)←mega大+merger。
supervise  (监督;管理)←super在上面+vis看+e,参supervision(2002年Text 2)。
gigantic  (巨大的)即gigant+ic,gigant(=giant)巨人,-ic形容词后缀,“巨人的”→巨大的。He has a gignatic appetite, and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大,能吃很多食物。
infringement  (侵害)即in+fringe+ment,in-否定前缀,fringe(边缘;刘海;穗),-ment名词后缀,已经“不”在“边缘”→侵入内部→侵害;infringe(v.侵害)←in+fringe。China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。
pessimistic  (悲观的)即pessimist+ic,pessimist悲观主义者,-ic形容词后缀。pessimist — ①a man who thinks that God created the earth in six days and then was laid off ②an optimist with a sense of reality 悲观主义者——①一个认为上帝用六天时间创造了世界,然后就被解雇了的人 ②具有现实感的乐观主义者。
warn against 告诫防范;take upon oneself 承担。

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2001 Passage 5

  重点单词:
lateral  (侧面的,旁边的)可看作later+al,later即单词“后来”,-al词后缀,“后来者只能靠边站”→旁边的。在文中此词用引申义,各参考书观点不尽相同,请自甄别。
curiously (好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly;curious(好奇的;奇怪的)即curi+ous,curi关心=care(因为元音可替换),-ous形容词后缀“有……性质的”,故“对某事非常关心的”→好奇的。It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一个奇怪的事实是,在失意的日子里,我们能够生动地想起不复存在的好时光;而在得意的时候,对苦难的日子只留有非常淡漠而残缺的记忆。←这是德国哲学家叔本华说的,其代表作《作为意志与表象的世界》是guangxian最欣赏的哲学作品,商务印书馆出过中译本。
downshifting ←down+shift+ing,原义指汽车调档减速,文中指“放慢生活节奏”。
passionate  (充满热情的)即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),-ate此作形容词后缀。Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切伟大的追求中,对所有创造性的活动都是必不可少的。
preach (v.鼓吹;布道)可看作pr(e)+each,pre-前缀“在前”,each每个,“牧师走到每个人面前”→布道。Preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不说些什么,而是由于你有些话要说。
resignation  (辞职;顺从)←resign+ation名词后缀;resign(v.辞职;顺从)←re+sign,re-前缀=away或=again,sign签署,故“签署后离开”→辞职,“再次签署”→顺从。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所谓顺从就是确定了的绝望。no resign oneself to being defeated 不甘心于失败。
editorship  (编辑职务,编辑工作)←editor+ship,editor(编辑者),-ship抽象名词后缀表“性质、职位、资格等”,如:friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine (教义;学说)←doctr+ine,doctr=doctor(元音可增减),-ine名词后缀表“物”,故“教授拿来讲授的东西”→教义。参vaccine(疫苗),2003年Text 2。The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说,没有任何体系。
juggle (n.v.杂耍)发音与沪方言对扑克牌中Jack的发音同,“拿扑克牌玩杂耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”,文中juggle引申为“忙忙碌碌”。
deadline (最后期限)←dead+line。
Newsletter (时事通讯,简报)←news+letter。
cling-film(食品保鲜膜)←cling粘着+film薄膜。
equivalent (相等的,等价的;相等物,等价物)即equi+val+ent,equi相等(如:equal相等的),val价值(如:value价值),-ent后缀。In truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.礼貌实际上是人为的好性情,它掩盖了它天生的不足,结果给惯于此道者提供了与真正美德几乎相当的代用品。
drop out 退隐,逃避现实。
redundancy  (冗余)即red+und+ancy,red-(=re-),und词根“多”,-ancy名词后缀,“越来越(re)多”→冗余。同根词:abundant(丰富的)←ab加强前缀+und多+ant形容词后缀。redundancy — an air-bag in a politician's car 多余物——政治家汽车里的保险气袋。
thrift  (节俭;繁荣)可记:“节俭”导致“繁荣”;thrifty(节俭的;繁荣的)←thrift+y形容词后缀。thrift→thrive(v.繁荣),类似变化的单词有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.节俭就是今天为明天的需要作准备。
recognition (n.认出,承认)是recognise(或recognize)的名词形式。Three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true; that what we like is not necessarily good; and that all questions are open.有三条基本真理,如果不承认就不会有实在的自由:我们相信的未必真实,我们喜爱的未必美好,一切问题都无定论。
adventurous  (喜冒险的;充满危险的)←adventur(e)冒险+ous形容词后缀。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批评家是个讲述自己的精神在杰作中历险的人。adventure — the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social 冒险——个人历史和社会历史中的维生素。

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2000 Passage 2

 重点词汇:
maturity  (成熟)←matur(e)+ity,mature(成熟的v.成熟),-ity名词后缀。Love is quiet understanding and the mature acceptance of imperfection.爱情是静静的理解和对不足之处的成熟接受。maturity — ①behaviour determined by the plans other people have in mind ②a high price for growing 成熟——①按照别人脑子里的计划决定自己的行为 ②成长的高昂代价。
mortality  (死亡率)←mortal+ity,mortal(致命的;凡人),-ity名词后缀。If I laugh at any mortal thing, it's that I may not weep.如果我笑任何mortal事物,那是为了我可以免于哭泣。←此处mortal的中文意思guangxian不知如何表达。
survive  (v.幸存;比……活的长)即sur+vive,sur-(=super-)前缀“超”,vive词根“活的”,于是“超过别人活的长度”→比别人活得长→幸存;
survival  (n.幸存;幸存者)←surviv(e)+al名词后缀。同根词:revive(v.恢复;复苏),见2003年Text 1。I have observed that only those plants in nature which are strongest survive and reproduce themselves. It seems to me that hardiness is the chief essential for success.我观察到,自然界中只有最强壮的植物才能存活并繁衍。看来坚韧是成功的基本要素。The survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called 'natural selection', or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.我在这里一直想要以机械论术语表达的适者生存,就是达尔文先生说过的“自然选择”,或者说是优越种族在生存斗争中的保存。guangxian注:英特尔前任总裁Andrew S. Grove的一本极具影响力的书就叫“Only the Paranoid Survive”。此书名一直被译作《只有偏执狂才能生存》,导致上世纪九十年代后期以来无数强烈渴望成功的创业者(IT界为甚)以将“偏激固执”作为人生信条而自豪。但就像很多人已指出的那样,“paranoid”不是指上述意义的“偏执狂”,而是指“迫害妄想狂”,其典型症状是——认为周围所有人都想加害自己而终日惶恐不安。Grove在书的前言中说:Business success contains the seeds of its own destruction. The more successful you are, the more people want a chunk of your business and then another chunk and then another until there is nothing left. I believe that the prime responsibility of a manager is to guard constantly against other people's attacks and to inculcate this guardian attitude in the people under his or her management.企业的成功包含着自身毁灭的种子。你越是成功,对你垂涎三尺的人就越多,他们会一块块地夺取你的生意,直到最后一点都不剩。所以管理者的首要职责就是始终保持警惕以防范他人袭击,并把这种防范意识灌输给下属人员。
evolution (n.进化;发展),
动词形式为evolve ;
evolutionary  (进化的)←evolution+ary形容词后缀;另revolution(见2003年Text 1)可看作r+evolution,r看作镰刀,于是“用镰刀使其发展”→“拿着镰刀闹革命”→革命。Evolution is not the force but a process, not a cause but a law.进化不是动力而是过程,不是原因而是法则。
opportunity  (机会)即op+port+un(e)+ity,op-前缀=to,port港口,-une后缀,-ity后缀,有港口的地方都是很发达的,因此人们都到港口去寻找“机会”。Opportunity makes the thief.大意失荆州。(←妙!)A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.智者创造的机会要比他发现的多。opportunity — a bird that never perches 机遇——一只不落的鸟。
diminish (v.缩小,减少)即di+min+ish,di-前缀“使”,min词根“小”=mini,-ish动词后缀。Absence diminishes little passions and increases great ones, just as the wind blows out a candle and fans a fire.离别减弱浅薄的感情而增强深厚的感情,正如风吹灭蜡烛而煽旺火焰。
poverty (贫穷)记其中有over←“人贫穷就完了”(即使物质贫穷,在精神上也不能贫穷)。Poverty is not vice, but an inconvenience.贫穷不是罪恶,而是一种不便。poverty — having enough money to buy all the things you ever wanted to have if only you hadn't got children贫穷——假如没有孩子,你的钱就能买得起你想要的任何东西。
mediocrity  (平常)可看作medi+ocr+ity,medi-前缀“中间”(如medium→medi+um后缀→中间的;媒介),ocr看作Optical Character Recognition(光学字符识别),-ity名词后缀,用中等(medi)识别率OCR的效果是平常(medicocrity)的。
upper-middle-class 上中阶层。
Utopia (乌托邦)是英国空想社会主义者托马斯•莫尔(Thomas More)所著书名的简称,书中描写了作者所想象的没有阶级的幸福社会——乌托邦,意即“没有的地方”。Utopia — a place where men are severely punished for all odours and noises they expel乌托邦——在那个地方,人类因其散发的气味和制造的噪音而受到惩罚。
involve  (v.陷入;涉及)←in+volve,in-前缀=into,volve词根“卷”,“把东西卷到里面”。参revolution词条(含revolve),2003年Text 1。Great discoveries and improvements invariably involve the co-operation of many minds.伟大的发展和改进总是牵涉到许多富于才智的人的协作。The power of choice must invovle the possibility of error — that is the essence of choosing.选择的权力必须包括出错的可能——这是选择的精髓。
transform  (v.转变;改造)即trans+form,trans-前缀“改变”,form词根“形状”。Marriage is the miracle that transform a kiss from a pleasure into a duty, and a life from a luxury into a necessity.婚姻是个奇迹,它把接吻从快乐化为义务,把生活从享乐化为必需。
describe  (v.描述,形容)←de向下+scribe写,“写下来”,名词为description。A man never discloses his own character so clearly as when he describes another's.在描述另一个人的性格时,人最清楚地显露自己的性格。

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欢迎光临~只是不知道怎么传文档。这么弄好麻烦呀~本人是新人希望得以指教呀~谢谢了

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不好意思,你好象发错区了

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把文件压缩一下吧,比较好下载耶~~

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