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新东方赵丽老师考研词汇总结

本主题由 Onion 于 2008-4-9 09:11 移动

新东方赵丽老师考研词汇总结

1998 Passage 1

重点词汇
imagination
/ i7mAdVi5neiFEn / (想象;想象力)←imagin(e)想象+tion名词后缀。Imagination is more important than knowledge.想象力比知识更重要。imagination — the highest kite one can fly a poor substitute for experience 想象——①一个人能放得最高的风筝 ②经验的劣质替代品。
symbol
/ 5simbEl /
(符号;象征)即sym+bolsym-共同,bol看作ball,“共同喜欢球类运动”→这是现代人的“象征”。Light is the symbol of truth.光是真理的象征。
cement
/ si5ment /
v.胶合;巩固n.水泥;胶接剂)。A sweet and innocent compliance is the cement of love.温柔天真的依从是爱情的粘合剂。
deprive
/ di5praiv /
v.剥夺)即de+priv+ede-(=away)priv词根“个人的”(如privatepriv+ate→私人的),“使某物离开个人”→剥夺。Poverty often deprives a man of all spirit and virtue; it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.贫穷常使人丧失全部精神与美德,空袋子是难以直立的。
persist
/ pE(:)5sist /
v.坚持,持续)即per+sistper-“完全”,sist词根“站立”,于是“自始至终都站着”→坚持。参consistently(始终如一地),1999Passage 5To persist in efforts without losing the aim will finally result in success.不失目标地坚持努力终将导致成功。
complex
/ 5kCmpleks /
(复杂的;综合的;联合体)即com+plexcom-“一起”,plex词根“重叠”,“重叠在一起的”→复杂的。参perplex(使困惑,使复杂化)←per完全+plex2003Text 2Everything is simpler than you think and at the same time more complex than you imagine.凡事都比你思考的简单,同时比你想象的复杂。
go-ahead n.批准,允许。
wrong-headed 执迷不悟的。
environmental
/ in7vaiErEn5mentl /
(周围的,环境的)←environment环境+al形容词后缀。What is the thing called health? Simply a state in which the individual happens transiently to be perfectly adapted to his environment. Obviously, such states cannot be common, for the environment is in constant flux.称为健康的东西是什么?不过是一种状态,处于这种状态的人刚好一时对环境完全适应。这种状态显然不可能常见,因为环境是在不断改变的。environment — everything that isn't me 环境——除我以外的一切。
proper
/ 5prCpE /
(适当的;合乎体统的;固有的)。Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style.风度的准确定义就是在适当的场合说适当的话。A fool, indeed, has great need of a title; it teaches men to call him count or duke, and thus forget his proper name of fool.傻瓜的确非常需要头衔,那使人们称他为伯爵或公爵,从而忘掉他固有的名字——傻瓜。
resolve
/ ri5zClv /
v.n.决心;解决;决议)←re+solve解决。同根词:dissolvev.溶解;解散)←dis+solveThe reason why a great man is great is that he resolves to be a great man.伟人之所以伟大,是因为他立志要成为伟人。
conflict
/ 5kCnflikt /
v.n.冲突)即con+flictcon-一起,flict词根“打”,“打在一起”→冲突。A marriage without conflicts is almost as inconceivable as a nation without crisis.没有冲突的婚姻几乎与没有危机的国家一样难以想象。
hydroelectric
/ 5haidrEi5lektrik /
(水电的)即hydro+electrichydro词根“水的”,electric单词“电的”。另记:hydrogen(氢)←hydro+gen,这是化学家创造的英文单词,因为氢气燃烧的唯一产物是水,-gen后缀意为“致……的物质”。
irrigation
/ 7iri5^eiFEn /
(灌溉;水利)与irritation(激怒;刺激物)一字母之差,联想记忆:“溉”的声母为g,故灌溉为irriGation,而irriTAtion为激怒“他”。
at the mercy of 受……支配;stop just short of 几乎要……;far from guaranteed 根本没有保障。

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重点词汇:

assume (v.假定;承担;呈现)。Optimism assumes, or attempts to prove, that the universe exists to please us, and pessimism that it exists to displease us.乐观主义假定或企图证明宇宙存在是为了使我们快乐;悲观主义则假定或企图证明那是为了使我们不快乐。When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.当一个人承担了公众的信任,就应该视自己为公众财产。They who assume a character that does not belong to them generally betray themselves by overacting.装模作样的人常常由于表现过火而露出原形。
lump(团块;使成团块)。An overdose of praise is like ten lumps of sugar in coffee; only a very few people can swallow it.过量的赞扬有如在咖啡里放了十块糖,只有极少数的人能咽得下去。
acceleration(加速;加速度)即ac+celer+ation,ac-加强前缀,celer词根“速度”,-ation名词后缀;反义词为deceleration(减速)←de向下+celer+ation。
rebound (v.n.反弹)←re反+bound跳。
evidence(证据,迹象)即e+vid+ence,e-(=ex-),vid词根“看”=vis(如visible→vis+ible→可见的),-ence名词后缀,“能看出来的东西”→证据。Growth is the only evidence of life.成长是生命的唯一证明。
treasury(宝库,国库)即treasur(e)+y,treasure(n.财宝v.珍爱),-y表“地方”,于是“放财宝的地方”→宝库。Collection of famous quotes and collection of mottoes are the most important treasure of the society.名言集和格言集是社会最可贵的财富。Let us learn to treasure only good and reject the evil in everything.让我们学会只珍视善,而排斥一切事物中的恶。
disjunction(n.分离,分裂)即dis+junction,dis-否定前缀,junction(n.连接,连接处)。
anecdote(趣闻,轶事)谐音:安妮(Annie)可逗她←用“趣闻”来逗女孩子开心。anecdote — a joke in evening dress 趣闻——穿着晚礼服的笑料。
profitability(收益率)即profit+ability,profit(v.n.收益),-ability名词后缀;参profitable,1999年Passage 5。profitability — the sovereign criterion of the enterprise 有利可图——企业的至高无上的准则。
ineptly(不相宜地;无能地)即in+ept+ly,in-否定前缀,ept(=apt)适宜的,-ly副词后缀。
revenue (财政收入;税收)←re+venue,另可记avenue(林荫道;途径)←a+venue。Economy is of itself a great revenue.节约本身就是一大笔收入。
blunt率直的;钝的;使钝。
consultant  (顾问)即consult+ant,consult(v.商量;查询),-ant表“人”;参consultancy,2002年Text 3。consultant — someone who will take your watch off your wrist and tell you what time it is 顾问——把你的手表从你手腕上摘下来,然后告诉你时间的人。
1998 Passage 3

重点词汇:
relationship//(关系)←relation关系+ship抽象名词后缀(如:friendship友谊)。There is no more lovely, friendly, and charming relationship, communion, or company than a good marriage.世上没有一种关系、交流或陪伴比美满的婚姻更愉快、友好和迷人。The relation of genius to talent is the same as that of instinct to reason.天赋与才能的关系一如本能与理智的关系。
aspect//(外表;方面);参spectacle(场面;奇观),2000年Passage 5。A real genius possesses talents in many aspects, but they are brought into play only by chance and in a single field.真正的天才具有多方面的才能,只是处于偶然而仅在单一的领域中得到施展。
rebelling//(n.反叛)看作re+bell+ing,re-反复,bell铃,-ing表“现在进行时”,联想:监狱里警铃大作→犯人们“造反”了!rebel(v.反叛n.反叛者)。As long as the world shall last there will be wrong, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever.只要世界继续存在就会有不公正,如果没有人反抗,这些不公正将永远存在下去。No one can go on being a rebel too long without turning into an autocrat.没有人能一直做叛逆者而不变成独裁者。rebel — a man who says no 反叛者——说“不”的人。
Catholic//(天主教的;天主教徒)看作Cat+hol(e)+ic后缀,“天主教的”“天主教徒”像“猫”一样住在“洞”里刻苦修行。As a Roman Catholic I thank God for the heretics. Heresy is only another word for freedom of thought.身为天主教徒,我为异端者的存在而感谢上帝,异端不过是思想自由的别名。
harsh // (粗糙的;刺耳的;严厉的)意同hard,因发音为“哈嘘”,故又表示“刺耳的”。Harsh counsels have no effect: they are like hammers which are always repulsed by the anvil.刺耳的劝告不会收效:它们就像总是被铁砧弹回的锤。
schism // (组织的分裂;派系)←sch+ism,sch看作scholar(学者),-ism抽象名词后缀,学者之间是分“派系”的。
superstition // (迷信)即super+sti+tion,super-前缀=over,sti词根=stand,-tion名词后缀,“超出站的地方”→在理性观念之外→迷信。Superstition comes from fear, while fear in turn comes from ignorance.迷信来自恐惧,恐惧又来自无知。superstition — someone else's religion 迷信——别人的宗教。
creationism //(神创论)←creation+ism。
elimination // (消除)即e+limin+ation,e-(=ex-)出,limin词根“门”,-ation名词后缀,“拒之门外”→排除;动词形式为eliminate←e+limin+ate。同根词:preliminary(预备的,初步的)←pre在前+limin+ary形容词后缀。Envy is more difficult to eliminate than hate between two people.在两个人之间,忌妒比仇恨更难消除。
smallpox // (天花)即small+pox,small小,pox看作box(据说古人老外书写字母无方向性,故对称字母常可替换而词义不变),感染天花者所发的皮疹像一个个凸出皮肤表面的“小盒子”。BTW:天花是首个在全球范围内被人类所消灭的传染病,现天花病毒仅存在于少数科学实验室中,对于是否彻底销毁这些病毒植株曾引起极大争论,故真题原文中提到“提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士”。
dispute // (v.争论)即dis+put+e,dis-否定前缀,put看作单词“放”,e小词,有人说“放”有人说“不放”→争论。A long dispute means that both parties are wrong.持久的争论意味着双方都是错的。
Unabomber //(邮寄炸弹的恐怖分子)是FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)造的新词,由university and airline bomber缩略而成,原指某位专向高级行政或科研人员邮寄炸弹的遁世大学教授,后泛指类似行为者。关于Unabomber尚需补充两点:一、今年出版的某品牌考研辅导书竟将Unabomber译作“反原子弹组织”,想必是把un理解为否定前缀,在对译者丰富想象力表示由衷倾佩的同时,考研资料之良莠不齐亦可见一斑。二、那位被称作Unabomber的早年毕业于哈佛的教授于1995年出版了著名的Unabomber's Manifesto(网上到处有原文下载),书中作者将environmentalists视为同盟,并表达了scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia的观点,于是可理解真题文章中为何人们将“环境主义者”与“反科学”联系起来。
manifesto// (n.宣言)←manifest+o,manifest(v.表明,见2000年Passage 1),o看作张大的嘴,“用嘴表明”→宣言。Manifesto of the Communist Party 《共产党宣言》。
scorn // (v.n.轻蔑)可看作s+corn,s象形“蛇”,corn谷,蛇因不吃谷物而对之“蔑视”。Silence is the perfect expression of scorn.沉默是轻蔑的充分表达。In the very books in which philosophers bid us scorn fame, they inscribe their names.正是在教导我们蔑视名声的书籍中,哲人们题下了自己的大名。
depletion // (损耗)即de+plet+ion,de-(=away),plet充满,-ion名词后缀,“离开充满的状态”→损耗。

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1997 Passage 1
重点词汇:
parliamentary (议会的,国会的)←parliament+ary。A parliament is nothing less than a big meeting of more or less idle people.议会无非是多少有些懒散的人们的一个大聚会。parliament — the longest running farce in the West End 议会——伦敦西区连续演出时间最长的闹剧。
incurably  (不可治地)即in+cur+ably,in-否定前缀,cur词根“治疗”,-ably可……地;形容词形式为incurable←in+cur+able。a incurably disease 不治之症。
bulletin (布告)可看作bullet+in,“留有弹痕的布告”,如图(偶用PS做的 ):
euthanasia  (安乐死)看作eu+than+asia,eu谐音“已有”,than比,asia亚洲,“安乐死在亚洲之外的地方已有了”。euthanasia — ①a way of putting old people out of their family's misery ②never having to tell your parents you're sorry 安乐死——①将老人从家庭的痛苦中解脱出来 ②绝对不必向父母道歉。
domino (多米诺骨牌)用谐音记。
diagnose  (v.诊断)←diag+nose,diag看作dog(元音替换),nose鼻子,“狗鼻子”→闻(联想中医之“望闻问切”)→诊断。
certificate (证书)即certif(y)+ic+ate,certify证明,-ic形容词后缀,-ate作名词后缀表“物”,于是“具证明性质的东西”→证书。I must discard riches, the certificate of slavery.我必须抛弃财富这张奴隶证书。
objection  (反对)即ob+ject+ion,ob-前缀“朝向”,ject词根“投掷”,-ion名词后缀,“向别人扔东西”→反对。同根词:reject→re(=back)+ject→扔回去→拒绝;inject→in+ject→向里扔→注入。All poets pretend to write for immortality, but he whole tribe have no objection to present pay and present praise.所有诗人都自称是为不巧的名声而写作,可这些家伙对眼前的稿酬与眼前的赞扬却全无异议。
sink in 被了解;cool off 使冷静。


1997 Passage 2

 

重点词汇:
courteous (有礼貌的)即court+eous,court看作单词“宫廷”,-eous形容词后缀,“宫廷的”→有礼貌的。
observation  (观察;pl.观察后的言论)←observe观察+ation。God creates by intuition; man creates by inspiration, strengthened by observation.上帝凭着直觉创造,人类凭着由观察加强的灵感创造。
deserve  (v.应受,值得)与desert一起记,“沙漠是应该受到重视的”。It is better to deserve honors and not to have them than to have them and not deserve them.理应拥有荣誉而不拥有它们胜过拥有荣誉而不应拥有它们。
charitable  (仁慈的)即charit(y)+able,charity仁慈,-able形容词后缀。A bone to the dog is not charity. Charity is the bone shared with the dog, when you are just as hungry as the dog.给狗一根骨头算不上仁慈,仁慈是在你跟狗一样饥饿时与狗分享的骨头。charity — ①giving someone the washing machine it wasn't worth having mended ②the only thing that can persuade us to get rid of old clothes and shoes 慈善——①将已经不值得修理的洗衣机送给别人 ②唯一能够说服我们清除破旧衣鞋的理由。
assumption  (假定;承担;呈现)是assume的名词形式;参consumption,2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。
interrelationship (相互关系)即inter+relation+ship,inter-相互,relation关系,-ship抽象名词后缀。
encounter  (v.n.遭遇)即en+counter,en-使,counter对面,“使面对面”→遭遇。If we encountered a man of rare intellect, we should ask him what books he read.若遇到才智非凡的人,就应该问他读的是哪些书。
individual  (个别的;个体)即in+divid+ual,in-否定前缀,divid词根“分”,-ual后缀,“不可再分的”→个别的。同根词:divide(v.分配;除);subdivide→sub在下+divide→“在下面分”→再分。The worth of a state, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it.归根结底,国家的价值就是组成它的个人的价值。In science, the total absorption of the individual event in the generalization is the goal; on the other hand, the humanities are concerned rather with providing for the special meaning of the individual event within an appropriate general system.自然科学以在归纳中全部吸收个别情况为目标,人文科学则更关心在适当的一般性体系之内提供个别情况的特殊意义。individual — a multitude of one million divided by one million 个人——一百万除一百万所得的人数。
exclusively  (专有地;排外地)是exclude(v.除外)的副词形式。Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.对于独立思考的人,自由永远是也只能是自由。
entertain  (v.招待;使快乐)即enter+tain,enter-(=inter),tain词根“容纳”,于是“使容纳进来”→招待→使快乐。同根词:contain→con+tain→“一起容纳”→容纳。Some women seem to be able to entertain everybody but their husband.有些女人似乎能够使任何人愉快,自己的丈夫除外。

1997 Passage 3


重点词汇:
substance  (物质;实质;财产)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+ance名词后缀;参substantial,2003年Text 3。Man can survive only when he has the substance; man can live only when he has ideal.人有了物质才能生存,有了理想才能生活。
addict  (使成瘾;成瘾者)即ad+dict,ad-加强前缀,dict词根“说”(参contradictory,2001年Passage 3),“欲罢不能地说某事”→成瘾。
名词形式为addiction  (成瘾)←ad+dict+ion。Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism.任何形式的瘾都是不好的,无论上瘾的是酒精、吗啡还是唯心主义。
psychologist  (心理学家)←psycholog(y)+ist,psychology心理学(见2001年Passage 1),-ist后缀表“人”。psychologist — a man who, when a beautiful girl walks into room, watches other men's reactions 心理学家——当一个漂亮女孩走进房间时,那个观察其他人反应的人。
cocaine  (可卡因)即coca+ine,coca古柯(一种药用植物),-ine医药化学名词后缀“生物碱”,故cocaine也译作“古柯碱”。另一种植物cocoa(可可)与coca音形近似,勿混。cocaine — God's way of saying you're making too much money 可卡因——上帝的一种说法,意思是“你赚的钱太多了”。
pervasive  (普遍的)是pervade(v.遍及)的形容词形式,pervade即per+vade,per-(=through),vade词根“走”(约等于wade,因v与w形近可替换),“到处都走遍的”→遍及的。同根词:invade→in+vade→“未经允许走进来”→入侵;形容词形式为invasive(侵略的)。
sociable  (社交的)←soci社会+able形容词后缀。
由于页数太多只能分开传了@不好意思了

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poisoning  (n.中毒;毒害)←poison+ing,poison(v.n.毒害n.毒药),-ing后缀;
poisonous  (有毒的)←poison+ous形容词后缀。Suspicion is the poison of friendship.怀疑是毒害友谊的毒药。When your soul experiences thirst, it needs water to quench it, no matter the water is poisonous or not.心灵感到干渴时需要水来止渴,无论这水是否有毒。What's your poison?想喝点什么酒?←此为固定用法。
distortion  (扭曲;曲解)即dis+tort+ion,dis-“分离”,tort词根“扭曲”,-ion名词后缀,“使扭曲以离开原来状态”→曲解;动词为distort←dis+tort。同根词:torture(v.n.拷问;折磨)←tort+ure后缀,“使身体扭曲的一种行为”。Get your facts first, and then you can distort them as you please.首先要掌握事实,然后你可以随意歪曲它们。
tolerance  (宽容)←toler+ance;参tolerant(宽容的),2000年Passage 4。The only tolerance in the world, the only tolerance that earns the name, is that toward intolerance.世间唯一的宽容,唯一名副其实的宽容,是对不宽容的宽容。tolerance — ①the ability to love people when they don't deserve it ②the positive and cordial effort to understand another's beliefs, practices, and habits without sharing or accepting them ③another name of indifference 宽容——①爱那些不值得爱的人的本领 ②积极、真诚地理解别人的信仰、行为和习惯,虽然并不同意或接受它们 ③冷漠的另一个名称。
symptom  (症状)可看作sym+ptom,sym-共同,ptom谐音“怕疼”,共同(sym)的症状(symptom)是怕疼(ptom)。The first symptom of true love in a man is timidity, in a girl it is boldness.真正的爱情的首要征候,在男子是胆怯,在女子是大胆。
psychoactive  (药物等对心理起作用的)即psycho+active,psycho词根“心理”(参psychology,2001年Passage 1),active“起作用的”。
stimulant  (刺激物;兴奋剂)←stimul刺激+ant物;源自stimulate(刺激;激励)←stimul+ate动词后缀。I lived in solitude in the country and noticed how the monotony of a quiet life stimulates the creative mind.我独居乡间,注意到平静生活的单调是如何地激发着创造力。
depressant (抑制剂;镇静剂)←depress+ant物。参depression,2003年Text 4。Some actors think they are elevating the stage when they're merely depressing the audience.当一些演员不过是在败坏观众情绪的时候,他们还以为自己在提高着戏剧艺术。
hallucinogen  (致幻剂)看作hallucin+o+gen,hallucin谐音“喝露性”,-o-连接字母,-gen后缀“致……之物”(参hydroelectric,1998年Passage 1),“喝下去会使人露出本性的东西”;
hallucination  (幻觉)←hallucin+ation。
psychedelic  (致幻的;致幻剂)看作psyche+del+ic,psyche=psycho精神(e与o都可视为连接字母),del即DOC命令“删除”,-ic后缀,“能把精神删除的”→致幻的→致幻剂
1997 Passage 4

重点词汇:
corrupt  (腐败的v.贿赂)即cor+rupt,cor-一起,rupt词根“打破”,“全部被糖衣炮弹打破了”。同根词:bankrupt→bank银行+rupt→破产的;interrupt→inter+rupt→打断。Heaven is above all yet: there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.苍天高于所有的人:那里坐着一位法官,任何国王都无法贿赂。
responsibility (责任;职责)是responsible(见2001年Passage 2)的名词形式。A democracy in which everybody had an equal responsibility in everything would be oppressive for the conscientious and licentious for the rest.所有的人对所有的事都负有同等义务的民主,对勤恳负责的人是重负,对其余的人是放纵。responsibility — the price every man must pay for freedom 责任——每个人都必须为自由而付出的代价。
property  (财产;性质)←proper固有的+ty名词后缀;参proper,1998年Passage 1。Property has its duties as well as its rights.财产既有权力也有义务。Regrets are the natural property of grey hairs.懊悔是老年人的天性。
impatiently  (不耐烦地)即im+patient+ly,im-否定前缀,patient耐心的,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词impatient。The ear tends to be lazy, craves the familiar and is shocked by the unexpected; the eye, on the other hand, tends to be impatient, craves the novel and is bored by repetition.耳朵往往偷懒,渴望熟悉的东西,为意料之外的事情而震惊;眼睛则偏于急躁,渴望新奇的东西,由于重复而生厌。
latitude  (纬度;言行的自由度)即lati+tude,lati-(=lateral),-tude名词后缀。Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make latitudes and longitudes.没有什么比得上有朋在远方更使地球显得如此巨大,他们构成了纬度和经度。
irritate (v.激怒),名词形式为irritation,与irrigation(1998年Passage 1)一字母之差。An epigram is a half-truth so stated as to irritate the person who believes the other half.警句是一半的真理,只讲一半以便激怒相信另一半的人。
compromise (v.n.妥协;折中)即com+promise,com-一起,promise答应,“对别人的要求全部答应”→妥协;“对各方的要求一起答应”→折中。All life is essentially the contributions that come form compromise.整个人生基本上是妥协的结果。compromise — ①the art of dividing a cake so that everybody believes he or she got the biggest piece ②simply changing the question to fit the answer ③the most honest way to dissatisfy both parties 折中——①将一个蛋糕分开,让每个人都相信自己分得的一块最大的艺术 ②简单地改变一下问题,使之适合于答案 ③使双方都不满意的最可靠办法。
1997 Passage 5

重点词汇:
monetary  (金融的,货币的)←monet+ary,monet=money,-ary形容词后缀。
precise (精确的)即pre+cise,pre-在前,cise(=cide)词根“切”,于是“在前面切”→知道切多少的→精确的。参suicide(自杀),2002年Text 4。He knew the precise psychological moment when to say nothing.他知道那个心理上的精确瞬间,那时什么都不该说。
liken  (把……比作)←like+(e)n动词后缀。
windscreen  (挡风玻璃)←wind+screen。windscreen wipers — the eyelashes of rain 汽车风档上的刮水器——雨的睫毛。
poll  (v.n.投票;民意测验)原指“人头”(head),“根据人头统计选票”。poll表“人头”可这样记:p=b(因为对称字母可替换),o=a(因为元音字母可替换),故poll=ball,人的头像“球”。Do you ever get the feeling that the only reason we have elections is to find out if the polls were right?你有没有过这种感觉,即我们举行选举的唯一理由就是弄清民意测验是否准确?
slack  (v.n.a.松散;萧条)。In marriage, a man becomes slack and selfish, and undergoes a fatty degeneration of his moral being.婚后男人变得懒散自私,经历着道德生命的脂肪变性。
thrilling  (激动的;颤抖的)←thrill+ing,thrill(使激动;令人激动的事),-ing形容词后缀。Everybody who plays an instrument, even a little, understands music in a difficult way from somebody who has never felt the thrill of making music himself?每个演奏乐器的人,哪怕只会一点点,理解音乐的方式都与从未感受过自己奏出音乐的激动的人不同。
unfortunately  (不幸地)即un+fortun(e)+ate+ly,un-否定前缀,fortune(幸运)见2003年Text 3,-ate后缀,-ly后缀。反义词为fortunately(幸运地)←fortun(e)+ate+ly。去ly即为二者的形容词形式:unfortunate(不幸的)←un+fortun(e)+ate;fortunate(幸运的)←fortun(e)+ate。Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.时间是了不起的教师,但不幸的是,它杀死所有的学生。Fortunately psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflict. Life still remains a very effective therapist.幸运的是,心理分析并非消除内心冲突的唯一方法,生活依然是十分有效的治疗专家。Do not speak of your happiness to one less fortunate than yourself.不要向不如你幸运的人讲述你的幸福。If you are too fortunate, you will not know yourself. If you are too unfortunate, nobody will know you.若过于幸运,就不会认识自己;若过于不幸,就没人会认识你。

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2002 Text 1
重点词汇:
identify  (辨别;视为同一)即ident+ify,ident词根“同一”,-ify动词后缀“使……”;identification(识别;身份证明)←identify去y加-ication名词后缀;identical(同一的)←ident+ical形容词后缀。Any man over thiry identifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is capable of.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。
relevant  (相关的;意义重大的)即re+lev+ant,re-前缀,lev词根“升,举”,-ant形容词后缀,故“从……升起的”→“源自……的”→相关的。同根词:elevate(升举,提高)←e+lev+ate;elevator(电梯,升降机)←e+lev+at(e)+or。The discovery and use of knowledge has always been relevant to a humane future.对于一个人道的未来,知识的发现与运用一直是关系重大的。
sympathy  (n.同情;共鸣)即sym+path+y,sym-(=syn-,在p前n变形为m以方便发音,前缀“同”),path词根“感情”,-y抽象名词后缀;sympathize/sympathise(v.同情;共鸣),-ize/-ise为动词后缀;sympathetic(同情的;共鸣的)←sym+path+etic形容词后缀。Next to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart.同情心是人类心中仅次于爱的最神圣的情感。Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦,然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。To be sympathetic without discrimination is so very debilitating.有同情心而无识别力是多么虚弱。
alternatively  (二者择一地;另外)←alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly;alternative(二者择一的;供选择的事物)←alter+nat(e)+ive;alternate(v.交替;交替的)←alter+nate。The more alternative, the more difficult the choice.可选择的东西越多,就越难选择。Love's alternate joy and woe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。
convention  (大会;惯例;公约)即con+ven(t)+tion,con-一起,ven(t)来,-tion名词后缀,故“人们来到一起”→开“大会”,而“大会制定的规则”即是“公约”,公约遵守时间长了就成为“惯例”。The danger doesn't lie in the hypothetical disasters of revolution, but in conventions impeding progress.危险不在于革命的臆测的灾难,而在于阻碍进步的成规。 stomp  (n.v.重踏)←stamp(邮票;标志)也有相同含义,想象“猛盖邮戳”→重踏。
appropriate  (适当的)即ap+propri+ate,ap-前缀加强语气,propri看作proper(适当的),-ate后缀;
inappropriate  (不适当的)←in否定前缀+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性药物对于重病是非常适宜的。←这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。
inedible  (不可食的)←in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能……的。
resent  (v.愤怒、怨恨)即re+sent,re(=against反对),sent(=sense感觉),于是“在感觉上反对”→愤恨。People don't resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人们所不满的往往是太少,而不是没有。
disparaging  (轻视的)←dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。
scapegoat  (替罪羊)可这样记:escape(n.v.逃跑)←e+scape,把e看作ex-,则scape就是没有“离开”的→“逃不掉的”→“留下来替罪的”,于是scape+goat→替罪羊。与“羊”有关的另一习语:black sheep(害群之马;败家子),源自谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.
casual  (偶然的;漫不经心的)即cas降落+ual后缀;casualty(严重意外事故;伤亡者)←cas+ual+ty名词后缀。As sheer casual reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language.作为纯粹随意浏览的读物,我还是觉得英语词典是以我们的语言写成的最有趣的书。
off-the-cuff 即席的。
deliver  (v.传递;释放;发表;分娩)即de+liver,de-前缀“使”,liver(=liber)词根“自由”,于是从“使自由”推出deliver的各项含义;
delivery  (传递)←deliver+y名词后缀。Lord, deliver me from myself.主啊,解放不能自拔的我吧。The day of the printed word is far from ended. Swift as is the delivery of the radio bulletin, graphic as is television's eyewitness picture, the task of adding meaning and clarity remains urgent.印刷文字的时代远未结束。尽管广播新闻传递迅速,电视现场画面生动,补充事件含义进而澄清事实的任务仍旧是迫切的。
light-hearted 轻松愉快的。

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familiar / (熟悉的;亲近的)即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀,“感觉像家一样的”;familiarity(熟悉)←familiar+ity名词后缀。The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.作家最吸引人的两种力量,是使新鲜的事物变得熟悉,和使熟悉的事物变得新鲜。familiarity — the opiate of the imagination 熟悉——想象力的麻醉剂。
exaggeration/ (夸张)←ex加强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀;exaggerate(夸张)←ex+agger+ate动词后缀。We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike. We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了。我们从不像我们所说的那么痛苦,也从不那么快乐。exaggeration — a truth that has lost its temper 夸张——发脾气的真理。
understatement / (掩饰;轻描淡写的陈述)←under+statement;反义词:overstatement(夸大的陈述)←over+statement。
privilege / (n.优惠;特权v.给予优惠或特权)即privi+leg+e,privi(=private)词根“私人的”,leg词根“法律”(如legal“法律的;合法的”←leg+al),e为小词,于是“私人的法律”→特权。To have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have suffered.变得更加深谋远虑是受过磨难的人的特权。
effectively / (有效地)即ef+fect+ive+ly,ef-前缀表“加强”,fect词根“做”,-ive形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词effective。The most effective water power in the world — women's tears.世界上最有效的水力——女人的眼泪。effective communication — 20 per cent what you know and 80 per cent how you feel about what you know 有效的交际——20%你所了解的东西加80%你对所了解的东西的感受。

重点词汇:
ingenuity / (独创性;灵活性)←ingenu+ity,ingenu(=ingenious独创的;灵活的),-ity名词后缀。
burdensome / (繁重的;难以负担的)←burden负担+some形容词后缀。What a heavy burden is a name that has become famous.广为人知的名字是多么沉重的负担啊。
nasty / (讨厌的;肮脏的;下流的……)Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way.外交就是以最优雅的方式办最nasty的事,说最nasty的话。←nasty在此句实在不好翻译。
compulsion / (强制)即com一起+puls(=drive)+ion名词后缀,“不由分说全拖到一起”→强制;compulsory(强制的;必修的)←com+puls+ory形容词后缀。compulsion — a highbrow term for a temptation we're not trying too hard to resist 强制——对人们并不想坚持拒绝的诱惑的一种高雅说法。Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体,但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。←柏拉图老师说的。
robotics / (机器人学)即robot+ics,robot机器人,-ics后缀表“学科”,如physics、aesthetics(美学)。robo-driver即robot driver。
assembly / (集会;装配)是assemble的名词形式,-y为名词后缀;assemble谐音“啊,三步”,曹植七步成诗,而“装配”只需三步(三个步骤)!In most communities it is illegal to cry "fire" in a crowded assembly.在大多数社会中,在拥挤的集会上喊“着火啦”是违法的。
terminal / (终端的;期末的;终端;终点站)←termin期限+al后缀;terminate(中止)←termin+ate动词后缀,施瓦辛格演的电影《终结者》就叫Terminator(-or后缀表“人”)。It's all right to have a train of thoughts, if you have a terminal.想法成串并没关系,只要有个止点。
miniaturization / (小型化)即mini+atur(e)+iz(e)+ation;mini词根“小”(比如有个好东西叫mini skirt),-ature名词后缀,-ize动词后缀,-ation名词后缀;miniature(小型的;缩影)←mini+ature。A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的缩影。
laborsaving / (节省劳力的)←labor劳动+saving节省的。
supervision / (监督)即super+vis+ion,super-前缀“在上面”,vis词根“看”(如visual→vis+ual形容词后缀→视觉的),-ion名词后缀。

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specific / (具体的;特定的;特效药)即speci+fic,speci词根=species(种类),-fic形容词后缀“使成为……的”,故“使成为某个具体种类的”→特定的。Time and again I have emerged from a course of reading in philosophy with the conviction that the authors were really avoiding specific problems by converting them into tenuous sophistries that have very little real meaning.我一再退出对哲学的钻研,深信作者们确实是在以将具体问题换成几乎没有实际意义的贫乏诡辩来躲避它们。
reliable / (可靠的)←reli+able,reli即rely(v.依赖;信任),-able后缀“可……的”。Without criticism and reliable and intelligent reporting, the government can not govern.没有批评和可靠而明智的新闻报道,政府无法统治。
artificial / (人工的,人造的)即art+i+fic+ial,art词根“人工”,-i-连结元音,fic词根“做”,-ial形容词后缀。Of all artificial relations formed between mankind, the most capricious and variable is that of author and reader.在人与人之间形成的所有人为关系中,最变化无常的是作者与读者的关系。artificial intelligence — the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies 人工智能——制造电脑的艺术,使它们的行为像电影里的人一样。
perception / (感觉;理解)即per+cept+ion,per-前缀“全部”,cept词根“抓”(=capt,因为元音可替换,capture→capt+ure后缀→n.v.捕获),-ion名词后缀,故“把外界信息‘全部’‘抓住’”→感知。The perception of beauty is a moral test.对美的理解是道德的检验。
complicated / (复杂的;难解的)即com+plic+at(e)+ed,com-前缀“一起”,plic词根“折叠”,-ate动词后缀+-ed后缀“已……的”,故“全都折叠在一起的”→复杂的;complicate(使复杂)←com+plic+ate;complication(复杂情况;并发症)←com+plic+ation。I never blame failures — there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort.我从不责备失败——生活中复杂的情况实在太多,但对于不努力,我绝不宽恕。
previously / (先前地)即previous+ly,previous(先前的)即pre+vi+ous,pre-前缀“在前的”,vi(=via)词根“路”,-ous形容词后缀,故“在前面就上路的”→先前。A creative artist works on his next composition because he is not satisfied with his previous one.有创造性的艺术家致力于自己的下一个作品,因为他不满意前一个。
irrelevant / (不相关的)即ir+relevant,ir-否定前缀(=in-,在r前n变形为r),
relevant / (相关的)参2002年Text 1。
instantaneously / (瞬间地)即instant+aneous+ly,instant单词“立刻的;速溶的;瞬间),-aneous形容词后缀。
suspicious / (可疑的;多疑的)←suspic(=suspect)怀疑+ious。Plagiarists are always suspicious of being stolen from.剽窃者总是疑心文字被人盗用。
neuroscientist / (神经科学家)←neuro(=nerve)+scientist。
perceive /(察觉;感知)即per+ceive,是perception(见前述)的动词形式,per-前缀“全部”,ceive词根“抓”。同根词:receive(v.收到)←re(=back)+ceive,“抓回来”;deceive(v.欺骗)←de在下面+ceive,“在下面搞小动作”。There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognised by those who have perceived them without noticing.没有什么新的真理,只有人们不经意地感觉到但没有认识到的真理。
elite /(精英)用谐音记:“爱理他”→“精英人士”每个人都爱理他。
gizmo / 小发明;
hum / 嗡嗡声、轰鸣声。

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2002 Text 3

重点词汇:
decline  (n.v.下降;衰落v.谢绝)←de向下+cline倾斜;同根词:incline(v.倾斜;倾向于n.斜坡)←in(=to)+cline。People decline invitations when they are "indisposed" physically, and I wish they would do likewise when they fell indisposed emotionally.人们在身体“不适”时谢绝邀请,我希望他们在觉得情绪上不适时也能同样做。We perceive when love begins and when it declines by our embarrassment when alone together.我们由仅余两人时的局促不安察觉爱情于何时发生,何时减退。
scary  (引起惊慌的)即scar(e)+y,scare(n.v.惊恐),-y形容词后缀。More powerful creation may scare many people away, but more intrepid people will be captivated by it.更加强有力的作品可能吓退许多人,但比较勇敢的人们会被它吸引住。
quadruple  (四倍的;使成四倍;四倍)即quadru+ple,quadru-前缀“四”(=quarter),ple词根“折叠”,complicated所含的词根plic也是“折叠”的意思(参2002年Text 2)。
triple  (三倍的;使成三倍;三倍)即tri+ple,tri-前缀“三”,如triangle(三角形)←tri+angle角。
inflation  (膨胀;通货膨胀;自夸)即in+flat+ion,in-(=into),flat词根“吹”,-ion名词后缀,故“往里面吹”→膨胀。Inflation: When nobody has enough money because everybody has too much.通货膨胀:由于人人钱太多而谁的钱都不够的时候。
gloom  (v.n.阴暗;忧愁),
形容词为gloomy  (阴暗的;阴沉的),那首据说有杀人魔力的歌曲就叫Gloomy Sunday。Love is the flame of life, without it, everything in life becomes gloomy.爱是生命的火焰,没有它,生命中的一切都变得暗淡无光。
doom  (n.厄运v.注定)。A society that gives to one class all the opportunities for leisure, and to another all the burdens of work, dooms both classes to spiritual sterility.一个将闲暇的全部机会都给予一个阶级,而将劳作的全部重负都给予另一个阶级的社会,注定了两个阶级都处于精神贫瘠。
suspend  (v.悬挂;延缓)即sus+pend,sus-前缀“在下面”,pend词根“挂”,故“暂且挂在下面不管”→搁置;
名词形式为suspension  / ←sus+pens挂+ion。The best of men cannot suspend their fate.最好的人也无法推迟死亡。
consequence  (后果;重要性)←con+sequ(=follow)+ence。It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities.逃避责任很容易,但逃避责任的后果我们却无法逃避。With books, as with companions, it is of more consequence to know which to avoid, than which to chuse(chuse是古英语=choose).读书如交友,懂得避开哪些比懂得选择哪些更重要。
conservation (保护;保存;守恒)即con+serv(e)+ation,con-前缀“全部”,serve词根“保持”(=keep),-ation名词后缀;动词为conserve←con+serve。A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.不具备某种变革手段的国家也不具备保存自己的手段。
energy-intensive 能源密集型。
consumption  (消费量,消耗)即consum(e)+ption,consume(v.消费,消耗),-ption名词后缀,m后加p便于发音,如assume(假定;承担;呈现)→assumption、presume(v.假设)→presumption。Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure.引人注目地挥霍贵重财物是有闲绅士取得名声的手段。We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.我们没有权利享用幸福而不创造幸福,正像没有权力享用财富而不创造财富一样。
consultancy  (顾问工作;咨询业)←consult+ancy名词后缀;consult(v.商量;查询;会诊)←比consul(领事)在最后多字母t,“他(t)去找‘领事’‘商量’”,名词为consultation←consult+ation名词后缀。Well, one can always consult a man and ask him: "Would you like your head cut off tomorrow?" and after he has said: "I would rather not", cut it off. Consultation is a vagues and elastic term.是的,什么时候都可以跟一个人商量,问他:“你愿意明天被砍头吗?”接着,在他说了“我不愿意”之后,砍掉他的脑袋。磋商是个含糊的带弹性的词。←这是英国老流氓丘吉尔说的,意思是:既然不愿意明天砍头,那么就在今天砍吧。

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GDP(国民生产总值)即Gross Domestic Product。
OECD(经济合作与发展组织)即Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development。
estimate  (v.n.估计,估价)。True modesty does not consist in an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it.真正的谦虚不在于对自己的长处一无所知,而在于对它们的恰当评价。
excess(过量额外的)即ex+cess,ex-前缀“出”,cess词根“走”,故“走到范围之外的”→过量的;动词形式为exceed(超过)←ex+ceed走。The best things carried to excess are wrong.最好的东西超过限度也会变坏。He is poor whose expenses exceed his income.开支超过收入的人就是穷人。
sizable / (相当大的)←siz(e)+able;size(大小,尺寸)。You can tell the size of a man by the size of the things that make him mad.根据使一个人发怒的事情的大小,可以判断这个人的气量。
significant / (有意义的;重要的)即signify(y变形为i)表示+cant形容词后缀,“值得表示的”→有意义的;signify即sign+ify,sign标记,-ify动词后缀,“作标记”→表示。An art is only great and significant if it is one that all may enjoy.艺术作品只有在所有人都可以欣赏时才是伟大的、重要的。Love has various lodgings; the same word does not always signify the same thing.爱拥有形形色色的住所,同一个词不总是意味着同样的东西。
2002 Text 4

重点词汇:
suicide  (v.n.自杀)即sui+cide,sui词根=self,cide词根“切”=cut,于是“拿刀切自己”→自杀。Every suicide is a solution to a problem.每件自杀都是对一个问题的解决。suicide — the only perfect crime that remains unpunished 自杀——唯一不受惩罚的完美罪行。
constitutional  (构成的;体质的;宪法的)即con+stitut(e)+ion+al,con-前缀“一起”,stitute词根“建立”,-ion名词后缀,-al形容词后缀;名词形式为constitution(构成;体质;宪法)←con+stitut(e)+ion;动词为constitute(构成)←con+stitute。Why is woman persistently regarded as a mystery? It is not that she has labored to conceal the organic and psychological facts of her constitution, but that men have showed no interest in exploring them.为什么女人总是被视为神秘的事物?原因并不是她极力隐瞒了关于自身生理与心理的事实,而是男人从来就没有对探索这些事实表现过兴趣。The two powers which in my opinion constitute a wise man are those of bearing and forbearing.在我看来,造就智者的两种力量是忍受和克制。
principle  (原理;信念)可把princi看作print(印刷),ple看作“倍数”(如quadruple、triple,参2002年Text 3),于是“反反复复印刷的东西”→原理(联想:地下党反复印刷革命刊物宣传马克思主义原理)。When a fellow says, "It isn't the money but the principle of the thing," it's the money.当一个人说“这不是钱的问题而是原则问题”时,那就是钱的问题。
foresee (v.预知)即fore+see,fore前缀“在前”(如forehead额←fore+head),see看,“在事情发生前就能看到”→预知。He who foresees calamities suffers them twice over.预见灾难的人承受了它们两次。
sufficient  (足够的)即suf+fici+ent;suf-前缀“在下”(=sub-,f前b变形为f),fici看作face面(元音字母替换),-ent形容词后缀,低于(suf)平均水平(fici)的(ent)消费使本来不多的收入变得“足够的”;
insufficient  (不足的)←in否定前缀+sufficient。Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions from insufficient premises.生活是从不足的前提得出足够的结论的艺术。
mediation  (仲裁,媒介作用)即medi+ation,medi(=middle)词根“中间的”,-ation名词后缀,文中指代“镇痛剂”。同根词:medium(中等的;媒介;手段)←medi+um后缀。

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