介词 from 后的 wh-从句简析
■本站专家顾问 张必成（安徽）
wh-从句是名词性从句的重要组成部分，其从句类型判定有时会给我们造成一些困扰，因为这些从句有时带有疑问含义，有时不带有疑问含义。现仅就介词from 后的wh-从句结合现行高中教材及高考真题进行一下简单分析和归类。
严格说来，带有疑问含义的wh-从句才为名词性从句；而不带有疑问含义的wh-从句则为名词性关系从句或名词性定语从句，引导这些名词性定语从句的词暗含一个定从的先行词（比如，where= the place where; when= the time when; why=the reason why）。这些词常被称为缩合型关系代词及缩合型关系副词，它们主要有what, where, when, why, whatever, whoever, whichever等。
介词from后面也可以跟一些wh-从句，因为from一般总是表达“起始点，来源，原因，事物差异”等含义，所以其后的从句一般先天具有“确定性”特征，而不具备“疑问含义”。换句话说，通常位于其后面的wh-从句一般总是名词性定语从句。跟在其后面的wh-词最常见的有三个：what，where及when。
一、from what形式。这种从句多表达“推理、判断或陈述依据”，有时from前会有一个与其搭用的某些特殊词，表达其他含义。这里的what =all/ everything/ the things...that。
1. I inferred from what she said that you have not been well .我从她的话语里推断你身体一直不太好。（表推断依据）——《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
2. From what I have been told, you are not getting on well with your work. 据我所知，你的工作不顺手。（表推断依据）——《汉英大词典》
3. From what I know of him he doesn’t play silly games. 凭我对他的了解，他不会耍滑头的。（表推断依据）《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
4. From what I could gather, he was trying to raise money by organising festivals. 据我所知，他想通过举办节庆活动来筹款。（表陈述依据）——《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
5. Judging from what they have done these years, they are indeed “ friends ” with an honey tongue and a heart of gall. 从他们这些年的所作所为看来，他们的确是口蜜腹剑的“朋友”。（前带judging, 依然表推断依据）——《汉英大词典》
6. I feel this is getting to be a distraction from what I really want to do. 我觉得这开始让我无法集中精神做我真正想做的事情了。（from与a distraction连用表distraction的涉及内容）——《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
7. Our village is very different from what it was before. 我们村跟从前大不一样了。（from与different连用表差异）——《汉英大词典》
8. By feeling we tell what is hard from what is soft. 凭感触分辨软与硬。（from与tell连用表辨识）——《汉英大词典》
9. Many hair problems result from what you eat. 很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。（from与result连用表原因）——《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
10. We found the village very much changed from what it used to be. 我们发现这个村庄的面貌和过去大不相同。（from与change连用表对比）——《英语介词习语词典》
二、from where形式。这里的where= the place where。
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑行的人是我姐姐。——（RJ B1U3）
2. It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basement a long way from where the film is showing.如果唯一的残疾人厕所位于地下室，离电影放映的地方很远，那就很困难了。——（RJ B7U1）
3. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. 放眼望去，可以分辨出12种深浅不一的绿色色调。（2019全国卷Ⅰ完形）
4. One of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. 她的一个表亲在离她家只有几条街的地方被枪杀。——（2016江苏卷Ⅰ阅读D）
5. The car stopped short only a few inches from where I stand.那汽车终于停了下来，离我站的地方只有几英寸远。——《英语常见问题解答大辞典》
6. Pick yourself up from where you fell--correct your mistake where you made it. 在哪儿跌倒就从哪儿爬起来。——《汉英大词典》
7. She swept up a hat from where it had fallen on the ground, and plunked it on her hair. 她拾起掉在地上的一顶帽子，随意地往头上一扣。——《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
三、from when形式。这里的when= the time when。
1.Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children.许多人仍然记得圣诞老人的魔力，从他们还是孩子的时候。 （WY B2U2）
2.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.为了计算出这些设备使用了多少电力，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事们追踪了每件产品其生命周期的环境成本——从它的矿物被开采到我们停止使用它。——（2018全国卷Ⅰ阅读D）
3. A good friend of mine from when I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. 一个发小就在我动身去北京之前意外地来到我家。——（2009安徽卷--27）
