by rail 由铁路，坐火车
It is faster to send these goods by rail. 由铁路运送这些货物更快些。
I’m afraid of flying—I prefer to travel by rail. 我害怕坐飞机旅行，宁愿坐火车。
by sea 乘船，由海路
We often go home by sea. 我们常坐船回家。
They will travel by sea and land. 他们将经海路及陆路旅行。
by trade 职业是
He’s a mason by trade. 他的职业是石匠。
He is a cobbler by trade. 他是个皮匠。
by turns 轮流地，依序地
We drove the car by turns. 我们轮流开车。
They laughed and cried by turns. 他们一会儿笑一会儿哭。
by water 走水路，乘船
They will send the goods by water. 他们将从水路运送这批货。