初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(09)

13. 注意这类“动词＋宾语＋doing”结构

The salsman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.

A. to have stolen        B. to be stealing         C. to steal                 D. stealing

此题应选 D。句中的 caught stealing是过去分词短语用作定语, 修饰其前的名词the girl, 可看作是定语从句 whowas caught stealing的省略形式(注意这是一个被动语态句子), 其中使用的动词结构是 catch sb doing sth(抓住某人或碰上某人在做某事)。又如：

He caught me smoking a cigarette. 他抓住我抽烟。

The farmer caught the boy stealing his apples. 农夫抓住这个男孩偷他的苹果。

类似以下结构也须注意：

1. find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某人：

We found the girl crying under the tree. 我们发现这个女孩在树下哭。

2. see / hear / watch / observe sb doing sth 看见 / 听见 / 观看 / 观察某人在做某事：

He heard the girl singing in the next room. 他听见这个姑娘在隔壁房间唱歌。

试比较：

I saw her enter the shop. 我看见她进了商店 (指全过程)。

I saw her entering the shop. 我看见她在进商店(指动作在进行)。

14. 在非谓语动词的否定式中否定词置于何处

The patient was warmed ______ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not              B. eating not              C. not to eat              D. not eating

此题应选C。主要考察在非谓语动词的否定式中, 否定词的位置。一般说来, 非谓语动词的否定式只能在非谓词动词之前加否定词;若非谓语动词包括几个词(如是完成式、被动式等), 则只能在非谓语动词的第一个词前加否定词; so asto, in order to 等结构的否定式, not只能放在不定式符号to之前。如：

1. She pretended _____ me when I passed by.

A. not to see              B. not seeing

C. to not see              D. having not seen

2. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.

A. so not as to           B. so as not to

C. so as to not           D. not so as to

3. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _____ afterdrinking.

A. never to drive        B. to never drive

C. never driving         D. never drive

4. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving        B. Receiving not

C. Not having received                               D. Having not received

答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C