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It was the sharpest decrease in the country's economy since the first quarter of 1974 when its GDP suffered a decline of 3.4 percent, or an annualized 13.1 percent, due to the fallout of the first oil crisis, said the Cabinet Office in a preliminary report.
Meanwhile, the nation's economy shrank for three quarters in a row, the first time in seven years, it said.
In 2008, Japan's GDP witnessed the first downturn in nine years, contracting by 0.7 percent.
Consumer spending, which accounts for about 55 percent of Japan's GDP, saw a 0.4 percent quarter-on-quarter fall in real terms while corporate capital spending, a main driver of Japan's six-year economic recovery since 2002, dropped 5.3 percent.
Exports tumbled at the fastest ever pace of 13.9 percent due to the sharp appreciation of the yen amid the global economic recession, and imports, on the other hand, expanded 2.9 percent.
In nominal terms, Japan's economy shrank 1.7 percent quarter-on-quarter, or 6.6 percent on an annualized basis, in the October-December period.
GDP is the total market value of the goods and services produced domestically during a specific period of time. Real GDP figures are adjusted for changes in the value of money or assessed by purchasing power.