[04:02.05]Whether voters accept this image,however depends more on external factors
[04:05.33]然而,投票2 是否接受这一形象,
[04:08.61]than on a candidate's personal characteristics
[04:11.39]比起候选人的个人特点来更要依靠外部因素.
[04:14.17]In 1991,after the Gulf War,Bush's approval rating reached 91 percent
[04:18.60]在1991年海湾战争后,布什的支持率达了91%,
[04:23.03]the highest level recorded since polling began in the 1930s.
[04:26.25]是20世纪30年代民意测验开始以来的最高纪录.
[04:29.48]A year later,with the nation's economy in trouble
[04:32.31]一个后,国家经济处于困境,
[04:35.15]Bush's approval rating dropped below 40 percent.
[04:38.18]布什的支持率降低到40%以下.
[04:41.21]Bush tried to stir images of his strong leadership of the war
[04:44.43]布什尽力去激起人们对他在战争时期的强有力的领导形象的回忆,
[04:47.66]but voters remained concerned about the economy.
[04:50.39]但投票人依然关心经济问题.
[04:53.12]The candidates'strategies are shaped by many considerations
[04:56.35] 候选人的策略的形成要考虑到许多因素,
[04:59.57]including the constitutional provision that each state
[05:03.11]包括宪法的这一条款:
[05:06.65]shall have electoral votes equal in number to its representation in Congress.
[05:15.19]Each state thus gets two electoral votes for its Senate representation
[05:19.16]每个州具有的选举人票的数量与其在国会中的代表人数相等.
[05:23.13]and a varying number of electoral votes depending on its House representation
[05:26.82]这样每个州因其参议院代表得到两张选举人票,依靠其众议院代表得到不同数量的选举人票.
[05:30.50]Altogether,there are 538 electoral votes
[05:33.60]总共有538张选举人票
[05:36.69](including three for the District of Colurbia,
[05:41.73]even though it has no voting representatives in Congress).
[05:44.31](包括3张哥伦比亚特区的,尽管它在设计院没有投票议员).
[05:46.88]To win the presidency,a candidate must receive at least 270 votes
[05:55.71]an electoral majority.
[05:57.75]要赢得总统职务,一个候选人必须得到至少270张选票,即选举的多数票.
[05:59.78]Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states
[06:05.74]which have the largest population,
[06:07.87] 候选人特别关注赢得人口最多的州,
[06:10.00]such as California (with 54 electoral votes)New York (33),
[06:14.27]如加利福尼亚州(有54张选举人票),纽约州(33张),
[06:18.54]Texas (32),Florida(25),Pennsylvania(23),Illinois (22),and Ohio (21).
[06:25.92]德克萨斯州(32张),佛罗里达州(25张),宾夕法尼亚州(23张),伊里诺斯州(22张)和俄亥俄州(21张).
[06:33.30]Victory in the eleven largest states alonewould provide an electoral majority,
[06:37.22]仅仅在11个最大的州的胜利就可提供选举的大多数,
[06:41.14]and presidential candidates therefore spend most of their time
[06:47.38]campaigning in those states.
[06:49.56]因此总统候选人在那些州花费大部分时间进行活动.
[06:51.74]Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992
[06:56.22] 1992年,克林顿只得到43%的大众选票,
[07:00.70]compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent;
[07:04.08]相比之下布什得到38%,佩罗的是19%.
[07:07.47]but Clinton won in states that gave him an overwhelming
[07:11.10]但克林顿获胜的州给了他压倒优势的
[07:14.73]370 electoral votescompared with 168 for Bush and none for Perot.
[07:19.86]370张选举人票,相比之下给了布什168张,佩罗1张也没有.
[07:25.00]Text B
[07:27.87]The American Two-party System
[07:29.79]美国的两党制
[07:31.71]No one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began
[07:34.79] 现在生活在美国的人没有人能记起
[07:37.87]between the Democratic and the Republican parties.
[07:40.06]民主党和共和党之间的竞争是什么时候开始的.
[07:42.24]It has been going on for more than a century
[07:44.26]这种竞争已经进行了一个多世纪,
[07:46.29]making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world.
[07:48.72]是世界上最早的政治竞争之一.
[07:51.14]The American political-system is a classical example of the two party system
[07:54.57] 美国的政治体制是两党帛的典型范例.
[07:57.99]When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States
[08:03.13]we do not mean that we have only two parties.
[08:05.32]当我们说美国有两党制时,并不是指只有两个政党.
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