9．关于玷污、污染
His reputation is tarnished．_____ALD
My car was mired． ____ ALD
The river was contaminated with water from the factory. ____ LDCE
Your fingers are stained with ink．
That cheese is mildewed．
和第三句的contaminated意义近似的动词如pollute及 defile等，也常用于被动语态。我们说，"出污泥而不染"，不是"……而不被染"。
10．关于惶惑、慌乱
I was confounded to hear that． ____ALD
They sked so many questions that I got confused． _____ALD
Tom was bewildered by the examination questions．____ALD
He was puzzled what to do next． ____ ALD
The Cabinet Ministers are perplexed as to what to do．
以上可和第六和第七两类联系起来看。
综观以上的例子，我们觉得中国学生学
英语不只是要记住动词被动语态的形式，尤其要留心，在什么情况下，
英语一定比汉语更常用被动语态；要留心哪些动词是这样用的，哪些动词虽有各种不同用法，但专指某一特殊意义时一定用被动形式。有些特殊被动语态，几乎习语化了，也是不可忽视的，如下面两个句子：
My hints were lost upon him．___ ALD
My advice was thrown away upon him．___ALD
下面这类以it开头的被动语态，初学者不会使用的大有人在，以致语言死板，并违反
英语习惯。
It is observed that…
It may be observed that…
It will be observed that…
It remains to be observed that…
如此等等。他们只知说We may observe that…之类，因为这与汉语结构接近。
短语动词的被动语态
英语中的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，因此也可构成被动语态。
短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构
成方法相同。如：
1．动词+介词
He will be operated on by the best surgeon． 他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。
This matter has been carefully looked into． 此事已得到仔细调查。
He is often laughed at by his classmates． 他经常被同学嘲笑。
2．动词 + 副词
These problems have been seriously thought over． 这些问题已得到认真考虑。
The lights are turned off at 11 pm every day． 每天晚上11点钟关灯。
The fire was soon put out． 那场大火很快被扑灭。
3．动词+副词+介词
These privileges should be done away with． 此类特权应该被取消。
Women were looked down upon in the past． 妇女过去受到歧视。
The lost time must be made up for. 失去的时间必须补回来。
4．动词+名词+介词
The children have been taken good care of． 这些孩子得到了很好的照料。
What they did have been paid great attention to． 他们所做的一切已得到极大的关注。
Time is precious and should be made full use of. 时间宝贵，应该充分利用。
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